Social Studies 3201 Midterm review

Quality of life

the standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or a group.

Factors Affecting Quality of Life

economic factors, environmental factors, political factors, and social factors

Indigenous Quality of Life

Overall indigenous people have a lower quality of life, they have poorer health, less education, inadequate housing, lower income, more unemployment, higher levels of incarceration, higher death rate, and higher rates of suicide.

Residential schools

government-sponsored religious schools that were established to isolate indigenous children from their culture.

The three world model

divided countries into one of three “worlds” with “first world” being the most developed and “third world” being the least developed.

The north-south model

divides the world into two levels of development, with more developed countries in the north and less developed in the south ( not including Australia or New Zealand)

The MEDC/LEDC model

divides the world into more economically developed countries (MEDC) and less economically developed countries (LEDC). These are often referred to as developed and developing countries.

Measurements of Quality of Life

 inflation, unemployment, life expectancy, infant mortality, average birth age of mothers, free elections, access to media, air quality, world happiness index

Human Development Index (HDI)

Life expectancy, average years of schooling and GDP per capita. Its an effective measure of quality of life because it considers multiple health, education, and economic factors that is measured on a scale of 0 - 1 

Innovations and Quality of Life

things created that increase peoples quality of life, like vaccines, cars, televisions, internet, etc

Globalization

the trend towards greater interconnection in the world, which has been happening faster in the modern era especially in the last two centuries.

Cultural Globalization

  relates to a gradual process of making peoples way of life similar across the globe.

Economic globalization

relates to integration of economic systems globally.

Environmental globalization

occurs when countries share increasingly similar attitudes towards resource use and environmental priorities. Also refers to the impact that increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, deforestation, climate change, and the introduction of invasive species have on our planet.

Technological Globalization

involves the rapid spread of communications and compter technologies throughout the world.

Microcredit

the lending for a small amount of money at low interest to new businesses in the developing world.

Political Globalization

occurs when systems of governance become more uniform amongst countries, which can influence people's decision-making at the local, national and global levels. Examples include the United Nations and North American Treaty

Isolationism

the opposite of globalization, a national policy of avoiding political or economic ties with another country

Environmental Worldview

the attitudes, beliefs and values individuals hold about the world and what they feel their role should be in it.

Anthropocentric/Western Worldview

considers humans to be the controllers of nature, this worldview holds that the value of the planet and its resources is determined by how useful it is to humans.

Expansionist Worldview

this worldview is anthropocentric, believes that the exploitation of nature is justified because it comes with wealth and the growth of economies. This worldview also claims that environmental and resource problems can be solved through better management and new technology.

Biocentric/Indigenous Worldview

a life centered worldview, the environment is considered without looking at how it is associated with humans, humans are considered to have the same value as any other species. this worldview emphasizes the importance of protecting ecosystems.

Ecological Worldview

This worldview is biocentric, developed as a response to the destruction of the environment  caused by industrialization. Nature is seen as something that is to be valued and preserved rather than exploited and tamed.

Ecological Sustainability

the act of using resources wisely to ensure the health of our environment and a world that is livable for years to come.

Economic sustainability

practices that support long-term economic growth.

Social Sustainability

practices that meet the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Resource Scarcity

the state of a resource being in short supply. Can result in decline in economic growth, decline in human rights, rise of nationalism and social and political unrest.

The 1992 Cod Moratorium

ecological protections were not evolving and the cod stock was overestimated, by 1992 the cod stocks were so depleted that the federal government had to enforce a moratorium on cod fishing in NL.

UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals

According to the United States these goals recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth all while tackling climate change and preserving our oceans and forests.

Socioeconomic status

refers to a person’s economic and social position relative to others based on income, education and occupation.

Economic disparity

is the unequal distribution of income, wealth and opportunity in society.

Poverty

Extreme poverty

Multidimensional poverty

Gini index

Factors affecting economic disparity

Neocolonialism