Lophotrochozoan information

Where did the clade name come from

Tentacle feeding structures called Lophophore and ciliated larval stage Calle trochophore which are traits present in this clade

All lophotrochozoan are

protostomes

lophotrochozoan include

ectoprocts, rotifers, flatworms, segmented worms, and mollusks

T or F: Lophotrochozoan are Diploblatics

False

all lophotrochozoan symmetry is

Bilateral in some point in their lifetime

Phylum Ectoprocta

Bryzoans and moss animals

The plylums that have true coelems

ectoprocta, annaelida, mullosca

The make up of Ectoprocta exoskeleton

CaCo3, protein, polysacchirides. Hard→ Flexible→ Rubbery

The only Phylum in the lab to posses lophophore

Ectoprocta

coelom of phylum Rotifera

Pseudocoelem

Habitats where Ectoprocta live

freshwater, estuarine, marine

What Rotifera use for movement

Corona

Corona

ciliated structure that channels prey to the mouth and for movement

The function of Mastax in rotifers

Looks like a beating heart but is actually a muscular jaw like organ for chewing and digestion

Phylum Platyheliminths

Flatworms

T or F: Rotifers are larger than protist

False and true, why?

Platyheliminths evolved from

Ancestors with a true coelom but evolved without it

Feeding cavity of platyhelminths

gastrovascular cavity

T or F Platyheliminths are strictly free living

False, free living and parasitic

Asexual reproduction of flukes under Platyheliminths are intermediate in

cows, pigs, and chickens

sexual reproduction of flukes under Platyheliminths are final in

humans

Phylum Annelida

Segmented worms

Segmentation allows

flexibility, controlled coordinated movement

Segmented worms can be separated into two groups

erratians and sedentatians

erratians

actively mobile form, like clam worms

sedentarians

live within burrows or tubes that they construct out of materials in their environment

Phylum Mollusca

includes cephalopods, chitons, snails, sea slugs, oysters, clams, squids

Digestive tract of Annaelida

complete tract, enclosed circulatory system, has a coelom

Phylum Mollusca classes

Chitons, Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods

phylas with complete digestive tracts

ectoprocta, annaelida, mollusca, rotifera

What do some Mollusca feed with

Radula

Radula

structure of tiny teeth used for scraping food particles off a surface and drawing them into the mouth.

The body plan that all Mollusca share

3 part body plan, mantle, visceral mass, foot

Chitons

marine molluscs that are characterized by the presence of 8 overlapping shell plates on the dorsal surface of the animal.  They feed by using a radula to scrape algae from the surface of rocks and other surfaces.

Gastropods

the largest class of molluscs and are characterized by the presence of a single, spiraled shell

Bivalves

are characterized by the presence of two shells attached at a joint. 

Cephalopods

Animals belonging to this class live in marine habitats and contain highly advanced sensory and nervous systems.  They are considered to be the most intelligent invertebrates.

Osmoregulation

the process of maintaining osmotic balance

Osmoconformers

the internal ion concentration of the animal matches that of the environment. If the ocean salinity is 32, the animal’s internal ion concentration is 32. 

Animals that are Osmoconformers

sponges, cnidarians, ctenophores, and some echinoderms

Osmoregulator

actively adds or removes ions or water from their cells and bodies in an attempt to maintain a constant internal ion concentration no matter the salinity around them.

osmoregulators include

annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates

pros of osmoconformers

do not need specialized structures for osmoregulation and don’t spend energy pumping ions

cons of osmoconformers

sensitive to salinity changes, need stable environments, gain and loss of h2o damages cells

osmoregulator pros

and survive in many habitats with varying salinity

osmoregulator cons

need specialized structures and requires more energy to actively maintain stable osmotic balance

what is Lophotrochozoa

is a clade of protostome animals within the Spiralia. The taxon was established as a monophyletic group based on molecular evidence. The clade includes animals like annelids, molluscs, bryozoans