Ancient Greece

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1)Hellenes
Greek people
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2)Hellenistic Period
Alexander the Great spread Greek culture to Asia and the Middle East through conquest (war)
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3)Greece sought
\*colonies (foreign lands) because it lacked good soil and food for its population
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4)Peloponnesian Wars
fought between Athens and Sparta (Sparta won). Athens had a sea advantage with its strong navy but Sparta had a stronger army and land advantage
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5)Athens and Sparta
were unified against the Persian Empire
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6)Ancient Greece
was divided because it had \*many islands, \*Greeks were loyal to their city-states and \*75% of their land are mountains
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7)Greece depended on
the Mediterranean, Ionian and Aegean Seas for \*seafood, \*sea trade and \*sea travel
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8. Ancient Greece exported (sold)
\*olive oil, \*wool, \*and \*wine (cereals, olives and grapes were the 3 most produced foods in Greece)
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Ancient Greece imported (bought)
\*salt, \*wheat, \*papyrus,\*wood, \*glass and \*metals
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9)Ancient Greece had very little
surplus crops because it has very little....\*arable land(suitable for growing crops)
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10)aristocrats
highest rank in ancient Athens
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11)Spartiates- highest class in ancient Sparta
highest class in ancient Sparta
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12)Greek citizens
were men who owned land and were born in the Greek city-state
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13)direct democracy
Athenian citizens who led the Assembly and could make laws (they had the purest democracy in the world)
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14)representative democracy
citizens elect representatives who make laws
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15)Assembly
law making body of Athens
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16)Council of Elders
governing body of Sparta
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17)oligarchy
government of Sparta run by a few wealthy men (citizens) from rich families (Russia also has rich oligarchs)
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18)polis
basic political unit in ancient Greece (also called a city-state)
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19)agora- open area outside the acropolis
open area outside the acropolis
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20)acropolis
city on a hill
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21)peninsula
land surrounded by water on 3 sides
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22)philosophy
means love of wisdom. Philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle and Plato used reason and questioning to find the truth. Philosophy led to advances in Science and Math. Greece emphasized education and the pursuit of knowledge.
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23)human cost
involves human lives lost, injuries and mental suffering