Ancient Greece

1)Hellenes

1)Hellenes

Greek people

2)Hellenistic Period

Alexander the Great spread Greek culture to Asia and the Middle East through conquest (war)

3)Greece sought

*colonies (foreign lands) because it lacked good soil and food for its population

4)Peloponnesian Wars

fought between Athens and Sparta (Sparta won). Athens had a sea advantage with its strong navy but Sparta had a stronger army and land advantage

5)Athens and Sparta

were unified against the Persian Empire

6)Ancient Greece

was divided because it had *many islands, *Greeks were loyal to their city-states and *75% of their land are mountains

7)Greece depended on

the Mediterranean, Ionian and Aegean Seas for *seafood, *sea trade and *sea travel

8. Ancient Greece exported (sold)

*olive oil, *wool, *and *wine (cereals, olives and grapes were the 3 most produced foods in Greece)

Ancient Greece imported (bought)

*salt, *wheat, *papyrus,*wood, *glass and *metals

9)Ancient Greece had very little

surplus crops because it has very little....*arable land(suitable for growing crops)

10)aristocrats

highest rank in ancient Athens

11)Spartiates- highest class in ancient Sparta

highest class in ancient Sparta

12)Greek citizens

were men who owned land and were born in the Greek city-state

13)direct democracy

Athenian citizens who led the Assembly and could make laws (they had the purest democracy in the world)

14)representative democracy

citizens elect representatives who make laws

15)Assembly

law making body of Athens

16)Council of Elders

governing body of Sparta

17)oligarchy

government of Sparta run by a few wealthy men (citizens) from rich families (Russia also has rich oligarchs)

18)polis

basic political unit in ancient Greece (also called a city-state)

19)agora- open area outside the acropolis

open area outside the acropolis

20)acropolis

city on a hill

21)peninsula

land surrounded by water on 3 sides

22)philosophy

means love of wisdom. Philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle and Plato used reason and questioning to find the truth. Philosophy led to advances in Science and Math. Greece emphasized education and the pursuit of knowledge.

23)human cost

involves human lives lost, injuries and mental suffering