Dental Anatomy (Exam 1)

Primary Dentition

- The first set of 20 primary teeth (baby teeth)

- shorter arch

Mixed Dentition

- A mixture of permanent teeth and primary teeth

- Ages of 6 to 12

First adult teeth to erupt

- first molars (6 year molars)

- lower central incisors (bottom front teeth)

permanent dentition

- The set of 32 adult teeth

- succedaneous

Anterior Teeth

- Teeth in the front of the mouth

- incisors, canines

Posterior Teeth

- Teeth in the back of the mouth

- premolars

- molars

Sextants

Both arches division into three parts based on relationship to midline

- 6 sextants in the mouth

Maxillary arch

- fixed

- attached to the facial structure

- upper jaw, part of the hard palate (non moveable)

- tuberosity area (behind maxillary molars)

Mandibular arch

- lower jaw

- only moveable bones of the skull

-retromolar area (behind all the molars)

How many teeth per quadrant

8

Specific teeth in each quadrant

- 2 incisors

- 1 canine

- 2 premolars

- 3 molars

Specific teeth in each quadrant (primary teeth)

- 2 incisors

- 1 canine

- 2 molars

* no premolars or third molars

Right Maxillary Molars (numbers)

1, 2, 3

Right maxillary premolars (numbers)

4, 5

Right Maxillary canine (numbers)

6

Maxillary Incisors (numbers)

7, 8, 9, 10

left Maxillary canine (numbers)

11

left maxillary premolars (numbers)

12, 13

Left Maxillary Molars (numbers)

14, 15, 16

Left Mandibular Molars (numbers)

17, 18, 19

Left Mandibular Molars (numbers)

20, 21

Left Mandibular canine (numbers)

22

Mandibular Incisors (numbers)

23, 24, 25, 26

Right Mandibular canine (numbers)

27

Right Mandibular Premolars (numbers)

28, 29

Right Mandibular Molars (numbers)

30, 31, 32

Primary Dentition numbering

Maxillary: A-J

Mandibular: K-T

Anterior Specific Teeth (incisors)

- Central, lateral

- Designed to cut

- no cusps

- the biting edge is the incisal edge (take less occulsal force)

Anterior Specific Teeth (Canines)

- Cuspids

- Designed to cut, tear, pierce

Posterior Specific Teeth (Premolars)

- Designed for Tearing, holding, grinding

- first premolars, second premolars

- bucuspids

- succedaneous

- replaces the primary molars

Posterior Specific Teeth (Molars)

- designed for grinding, crushing

- first, second and third molars

- takes more occlusal force

- more posterior= more cusps= stronger teeth

- non succedaneous

Exfoliation

Shedding or loss of a primary tooth.

Succedaneous

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth (incisors, canines and premolars)

non-succedaneous teeth

permanent teeth that do not replace deciduous teeth (1st, 2nd and 3rd molars)

Midline

An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

Occlusion

the physiological mechanism in which the maxillary and mandibular teeth contact

Mastication

the process of chewing

Gingiva

The gum tissue surrounding the teeth and the alveolar bone

Attached gingiva

gingiva bound to underlying alveolar bone

Free gingiva

collar of thin gingiva that surrounds each tooth

Interdental Papilla

The part of the gingival collar that extends between the proximal (adjacent) teeth

Alveolar Bone/process

Bone that forms the sockets for the teeth.

Alveolus

socket cavity where the root of the tooth is held

- all the gum structure

gingival margin

The rolled border or crest of tissue surrounding the crown portion of each tooth.

labial frenum

the narrow bands of tissue that attach the lips to the jaws

alveolar mucosa

thin, loosely attached mucosa covering the alveolar bone

Mucogingival Junction (MGJ)

line where the attached gingiva meets the alveolar mucosa

order of gingival tissue

towards teeth (Alveolar mucosa- MGJ- Attached gingiva- marginal gingiva- interdental papilla- gingival sulcus)

Periodontium

- anchors, supports and protects the teeth

- gingiva

- cementum

- alveolar bone/process

- periodontal ligament

Cementum

Tooth Tissue covering the root

- bone like tissue

- not as dense as enamel or dentin

Alveolar Bone/process

forms socket for the teeth

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

- fibers connecting cementum to bone

- connects the alveolar bone to the tooth (on the tooth end, via cementum on tooth root surface)

Crown of the tooth

enamel, dentin, pulp

enamel

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

Dentin

Dense tissue forming the bulk interior of a tooth.

pulp

- nerve tissue

- soft, non mineralized connective tissue containing rich supply of blood vessels and nerves

- located in the center of the crown and root

- pulp cavity

Root

- One or more roots per tooth

- Dentin

- Cementum

- pulp

Anatomical Crown

- whole crown of tooth covered with enamel

- partially covered by gingiva

- Lingual surface of crown

- Dentinoenamel Junction

Anatomical Root

- Cementoenamel Junction

- Pulp chamber

- Cementodentinal junction

- dentin

- cementum

- root canal

- Apical foramen

Dentinoenamel junction (DEJ)

- inner surface of enamel where enamel joins dentin

Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)

- the junction between the enamel of the anatomic crown and the cementum covering the anatomical root

- cervical line

Pulp Chamber

the center or innermost portion of the tooth nerve containing the pulp

Pulp canal

Root portion of the nerve

Apical Foramen

- opening at the tip of the root

- Pulp passes through

buccal mucosa

the inner surface of the cheeks

labial mucosa

the inner surface of the lips

Vestibule

extends from the inside of the lips onto the alveolar process of both arches

Mucobuccal fold

where buccal mucosa meets alveolar mucosa

Frenum

- Narrow band of tissue that connects two structures

- labial, lingual and buccal frenum

Philitrum

vertical groove on the middle of the upper lip.

vermillion border

the border of the lip line

Labial commissure

The angle at the corner of the mouth where the upper and lower lips join

linea alba (mouth)

white streak or line of slightly keratinized mucosa thought to be caused by "pinching" the tissue between the teeth aka biting cheeck

hard palate

- roof of the mouth

- incisive papilla

-palatal rugae

- lingual gingiva

- ducts for palatal glands

soft palate

- muscular posterior (back) portion of the palate

- lifts when we speak

- uvula

- Palatine Tonsil

- anterior faucial pillar

- posterior faucial pillar

uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

tongue

- a mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

- papillae= filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, sublingual surface

Papillae (Tongue)

- Tiny Bumps on Tongue

- contain sensory organs for taste and touch

filiform papillae

- grey

- threadlike

- TOUCH

fungiform papillae

- red

- globular

- TASTE BUDS

circumvallate papillae

- large papillae with taste buds

- on back of tongue (posterior)

- V shaped

- TASTE

Sublingual Surface

- lingual frenum, lingual veins, salivary glands

sulcus terminalis

V-shaped groove separating the body and base of the tongue

foramen cecum

Small pitlike depression located where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the pharynx.

fimbriated folds

folds of tissue that are lateral to the lingual veins.

sublingual caruncle

small papilla at anterior end of each sublingual fold

Facial tooth surface

- towards the face

- anterior or posterior

- buccal/labial

Buccal surface

facial surface of posterior teeth

labial surface

Facial surface of anterior teeth

lingual tooth surface

the surface nearest to the tongue on a mandibular or maxillary tooth

palatal surface

maxillary tooth surface closest to palate

Masticatory Surfaces

- the chewing/working surface.

- Incisal on anterior teeth (incisors and canines)

- Occlusal on posterior teeth

Proximal surfaces

-sides of a tooth next to an adjacent tooth

-mesial and distal

Mesial Surface

surface closest to the midline

Distal Surface

Surface of tooth distant from the midline

Grooves of tooth

- developmental line separating parts of a tooth

Fossa

- rounded or angular concavity on a tooth surface

- where grooves meet up

- named for their location

mesial triangular fossa

a depressed area. it is bounded by two linear depressions and a linear elevation

- triangle shaped

Central Fossa

located at the convergence of the cusp ridges in a central point, where the grooves meet

pits

a small pinpoint depression located at the junction of developmental grooves or at the terminals of those grooves