Alcohol and Tobacco Use: Health Impacts and Prevention

Alcohol-related fatalities

Alcohol causes 60% of fatal injuries and deaths.

Binge drinking

Drinking resulting in BAC of 0.08 or greater.

Legal drinking age

Established at 21 years in 1984.

Coping motivation

Drinking to avoid personal problems.

Conformity motivation

Drinking to gain peer acceptance.

Enhancement motivation

Drinking to induce a positive mood.

Social motivation

Drinking to enhance social experiences.

Alcohol absorption

Process of alcohol entering the bloodstream.

Ethyl alcohol

Intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic beverages.

Proof value

Measurement of alcohol strength, double the percentage.

Alcohol consumption statistics

57% of men and 47% of women drink.

College alcohol use

74.5% of college students have tried alcohol.

Secondhand smoke deaths

Responsible for 50,000 smoking-related deaths annually.

Tobacco-related deaths

One in five U.S. deaths caused by smoking.

Alcohol health effects

Includes short-term and long-term health consequences.

Alcohol abuse signs

Recognizing patterns of harmful alcohol consumption.

Tobacco use statistics

Discusses prevalence and demographics of tobacco users.

Smoking cessation strategies

Methods to help individuals quit smoking.

Smoke-free environment

Promoting areas free from tobacco smoke.

Alcohol use among youth

13% incidence of alcohol use in ages 12-17.

Alcohol and violence

Alcohol linked to increased risk of violence.

Binge drinking demographics

Most common in ages 18-24, athletes, and social groups.

Metabolism

Breakdown of food into energy.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

Alcohol amount in blood, in grams per deciliter.

Intoxication

Physical and mental impairment from excessive alcohol.

BAC of 0.08%

Legal limit for intoxication in most jurisdictions.

Symptoms at 0.03% BAC

Relaxation and exhilaration effects begin.

Symptoms at 0.06% BAC

Decreased fine motor skills observed.

Symptoms at 0.09% BAC

Slowed reaction time and poor muscle control.

Symptoms at 0.12% BAC

Loss of self-restraint and reasoning ability.

Symptoms at 0.15% BAC

Blurred vision and unclear speech occur.

Symptoms at 0.18% BAC

Difficulty staying awake and alert.

Symptoms at 0.30% BAC

Deep sleep or stupor may happen.

Symptoms at 0.50% BAC

Deep coma and risk of death present.

Immediate Effects of Alcohol

Short-term effects include dehydration and gastrointestinal issues.

Hangover

Withdrawal symptoms like headache and nausea.

Alcohol Poisoning

Dangerously high alcohol levels affecting CNS.

Signs of Alcohol Poisoning

Confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow breathing.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Birth defects from maternal alcohol consumption.

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol

Linked to cancer and liver diseases.

Fatty Liver

Accumulation of fat in liver cells.

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver due to alcohol.

Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Severe liver damage from chronic alcohol use.

Health Benefits of Alcohol

Moderate consumption may reduce heart disease risk.

Drinking and Driving Statistics

Nearly 10,000 deaths in 2013 from alcohol-related crashes.

Alcohol-related deaths

1,825 students aged 18-24 die annually.

Alcohol use effects

Alters judgment, vision, hearing, reaction time.

Unplanned sexual activities

21% of intoxicated college students report this.

STDs from alcohol use

Increased risk of AIDS, hepatitis B exposure.

Sexual assault risk

Heavy drinking raises likelihood of victimization.

Alcohol abuse

Excessive drinking disrupts life and causes problems.

Alcoholism

Physical dependence causing withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.

Alcoholism symptoms

Tolerance, withdrawal, loss of control, interference with life.

Self-medicating

Using substances to cope with emotional distress.

Genetic risk factors

Family history increases susceptibility to alcoholism.

Psychological risk factors

Low self-esteem and impulsiveness contribute to alcoholism.

Peer pressure

Influence from friends can lead to alcohol abuse.

Chronic stress

Long-term stress may lead to self-medication with alcohol.

Alcoholic profiles

Five prevalent types: young adult, functional, chronic severe.

Treatment options

Includes medications, counseling, self-help groups, intensive programs.

Relapse

Returning to drinking after a period of sobriety.

- Can occur months after quitting; any smoking increases risk.

Recovery statistics

75% fully recovered 20 years post-dependence onset.

Risk reduction strategies

Pace drinking, include food, and vary activities.

BACCHUS Network

Campus advocacy group promoting responsible drinking.

Smoking-related deaths

480,000 premature deaths annually in the U.S.

College smoking statistics

25% of students have tried smoking; 2.7% daily.

Reasons students smoke

Genetics, peer exposure, weight loss desire, media influence.

Cigarette composition

50% shredded tobacco, 30% reconstituted, 20% expanded.

Additives in cigarettes

Nearly 600 additives mask tobacco taste.

Ammonia

Enhances nicotine delivery into lungs and bloodstream.

Nicotine

Psychoactive alkaloid from tobacco plant, addictive.

Carcinogenic Chemicals

Over 60 harmful substances released when smoking.

Tar

Thick brown residue from burning tobacco.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Increased risk for babies of smoking mothers.

Premature Birth

Higher likelihood in babies born to smokers.

Low Birth Weight

Babies under 5.5 pounds face health risks.

Secondhand Smoke

Toxic smoke inhaled by nonsmokers nearby.

Sidestream Smoke

Smoke from burning end of cigarette or pipe.

Mainstream Smoke

Smoke exhaled by the smoker.

Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke

Includes lung cancer, heart disease, respiratory illness.

Leukoplakia

White spots in mouth, may become cancerous.

Cigars

Contain addictive and toxic substances like cigarettes.

Clove Cigarettes

No evidence of being safer than regular cigarettes.

Bidis

Not safer than traditional cigarettes.

Smokeless Tobacco

Increased cancer risk, often leads to leukoplakia.

Electronic Cigarettes

Battery-operated devices delivering nicotine vapor.

Nicotine Replacement Therapies

Includes gum, patches, inhalers for quitting smoking.

Prescription Drugs

Chantix and Zyban aid in smoking cessation.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Include difficulty concentrating, negative mood, urge to smoke.

Relapse

Can occur months after quitting; any smoking increases risk.

Support System

Essential for individuals preparing to quit smoking.