Arab-Israeli Conflict
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87 Terms
What happened in 1897?
The first Zionist conference
How many Jews were in Palestine by 1900?
50
Who did the Ottoman Empire ally with in 1914?
Germany
When was the First World War?
1914–1918
What was the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence?
A series of letters between the British and Arabs promising Arab independence in exchange for fighting the Ottomans
What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement?
An agreement between Britain
What did the Balfour Declaration promise?
A Jewish homeland in Palestine
When did Britain gain mandate over Palestine?
1920
Who came to power in Germany in 1933?
Hitler
What happened in Palestine in 1936?
Palestinian Arab rebellion
What events increased antisemitism from 1933 to 1945?
Rise of Nazi Germany
What was the UN Special Commission on Palestine?
A body established in April 1946 to propose solutions for Palestine
What happened at the King David Hotel in 1946?
Jewish terrorists blew it up
What did the UN vote for in November 1947?
Partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states
When was the State of Israel proclaimed?
May 14th 1948
When did the First Arab-Israeli War begin?
May 15th 1948
What happened to Palestinian refugees in 1948?
They fled or were expelled from the new state
Who signed a treaty with Israel in February 1949?
Egypt
When did Yasser Arafat become head of the PLO?
1969
When did the PLO recognise Israel?
1988
What agreement occurred in 1993?
Oslo Peace Accords
What is Monotheism?
Belief in one god
What is the Wailing Wall?
A wall from the ancient temple in Jerusalem where Jews pray
What is Dispersion?
When Jews were forced out of their homeland
What is Diaspora?
The spread of Jews beyond Israel
What does Exodus mean?
Mass departure of people
What is a Pogrom?
An organised massacre of Jews
What is Nationalism?
Devotion to your own nation over others
What is the Ottoman Empire?
The Turkish-Islamic empire centered in Istanbul
What is Capitalism?
Private ownership of resources for profit
What is Antisemitism?
Prejudice against Jews
What does Secular mean?
Not religious
What is Zionism?
Movement for a Jewish homeland and self-determination
What is Pan-Arabism?
The idea of a united Arab world
What are Liberal Reforms?
Changes that promote religious and intellectual freedom
What is a Mandate?
A League of Nations system where nations governed former Ottoman colonies
What does Partition mean?
To divide a territory into separate parts
Why is Jerusalem contested?
It is religiously significant to both Jews and Palestinians
Why is Israel called the promised land by Jews?
They believe God promised it to Abraham and his descendants
What changed in Palestine in the 7th century CE?
Arabs moved in
Why is Abraham significant to the conflict?
Both Jews and Arabs trace lineage to him
What shows Zionists might not want to live with Arabs?
Source 5 excludes Arabs in its planning
What is the fear in Source 6?
That Zionists control Palestine and threaten Arabs
Who is Source 6 aimed at?
Arab readers to incite fear against Zionists
Why do historians say Jewish settlement caused the conflict?
It ignored Arabs
How did Britain suppress Arab resistance?
They used violence
How did Orde Wingate act?
With cruelty and sadism towards Arabs
What does Source 18 add about Orde Wingate?
Gives context but doesn’t justify his violence
Why use Peki’in families in Source 18?
To show Jews were not always safe despite living peacefully
What caused tension post-WWI?
British control of Palestine and lack of Arab self-rule
What was the First Aliyah?
Jewish migration in 1880 for religious reasons
When was the Second Aliyah?
1904–1914
When was the Third Aliyah?
After 1919 and British mandate
What was the McMahon-Hussein correspondence?
British promise of Arab independence for helping against Ottomans
What was the Sykes-Picot agreement?
Plan by Britain and France to divide the Ottoman Empire
What was the Balfour Declaration?
British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Why did the Balfour Declaration anger Arabs?
They were ignored despite being 90% of the population
How did Jews and Arabs respond to Balfour Declaration?
Jews saw it as affirmation
What happened in Palestine in the 1920s?
Arab attacks on Jews
What happened in the 1930s?
Rise of Irgun
What was the Arab revolt?
1936-1939 uprising against Jews and British
What ended the Arab revolt?
Suppression by British with thousands dead and leaders arrested
Why did Britain leave Palestine?
Mandate became too violent
What did the 1939 White Paper say?
Restricted Jewish immigration and proposed independent Palestine
Why was the 1939 White Paper controversial?
Zionists saw it as betrayal during Holocaust
What was Lehi?
Militant Jewish group seeking to end British rule
How did WWII affect Jews?
Holocaust led to global sympathy and calls for a homeland
How did the US respond?
Supported Zionism and Jewish immigration
What did Britain do with refugees?
Refused entry and sent them back
How did Arabs react to Jewish immigration?
With fear
What did Haganah do?
Protected Jews
What did Irgun and Lehi do?
Used violence against British and Arabs to create Jewish state
What did the UN do in 1947?
Proposed partition into Arab and Jewish states
What was Resolution 181?
UN plan to split Palestine and make Jerusalem international
Why did Arabs reject the UN plan?
It gave more land to Jews who were a minority
What happened after Resolution 181?
Israel was declared
What happened on May 15
1948?
What was the Nakba?
The displacement and catastrophe for Palestinians in 1948
How many Palestinians were expelled in 1948?
750