Overview of the Urinary System and Kidney Functions

What is the effect of prostate enlargement (BPH) on urine output?

It slows down urine output.

What sensations are associated with an overactive bladder?

Urgency sensations to urinate.

What is incontinence?

The inability to control urine.

What is a duplicated ureter?

A condition where two ureters drain into the bladder.

What is the function of the glomerulus in the kidneys?

It allows blood to enter the kidney via the afferent arteriole.

What is dialysis?

A treatment that may be used to clean the blood in cases of kidney failure.

What is the difference between absorption and secretion in the kidneys?

Secretion removes substances from the blood and collects them as urine, while absorption moves water, glucose, and other substances back into the blood.

What are the main functions of the kidneys?

To turn waste products into urine, regulate blood pressure, and produce erythropoietin to increase red blood cell production.

What muscle controls urination?

The detrusor muscle.

What are catheters used for?

They are inserted into the bladder to drain urine.

What causes kidney stones?

They form from minerals.

What is cystitis?

A bladder infection, also known as a UTI.

What are common symptoms of cystitis?

Frequent need to urinate, cloudy or bad-smelling urine, and blood in urine.

What increases the risk of bladder cancer?

Smoking.

How does a person live without a bladder?

blank

What is the purpose of urinalysis?

To screen for diseases, detect infections, and diagnose medical conditions.

Why is urine yellow?

Due to the presence of urochrome.

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

To remove wastes from the blood, maintain concentrations of water and electrolytes, and regulate pH and blood pressure.

What percentage of urine is water?

95%.

What structures make up the urinary system?

A pair of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

What is the path of blood flow related to the kidneys?

Renal arteries attach to the aorta, and renal veins attach to the inferior vena cava.

What is the nephron?

The functional unit of the kidney.

How many renal pyramids does each kidney have?

Each kidney has 7-18 renal pyramids.

What is the renal cortex?

The outer shell of the kidney.

What is the renal medulla?

The inner area of the kidney.