Final Exam Review - Orchestra

Primitivism

use of barbaric sounding rhythms and dissonance in pieces like Le Sacre du

Printemps

Impressionism

Depicting a “vague picture” in music with use of scales like the whole tone scale

Expressionism

music written to evoke an emotional response from the listener

Arnold Schoenberg

composer who was part of the New Viennese School and created the

12tone method of composition

Programmatic music

Music that tells a story or depicts an image

Nationalistic music

Music inspired by traditional dance rhythms, folk tunes, and/or stories

from a particular country or region

Classical period music

Generaly, music with clear-cut, 4 measure phrases, and clearly marked

cadences is a characteristic

Symphony

Classical period composition started with 3 movements and later moved to 4

Sonata

classical period, multi-movement composition for soloist and piano or piano alone

Concerto

multi-movement composition for soloist accompanied by an orchestra

Oratorio

Classical (and Baroque) period composition for vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra

that tells a story without actors, sets, or costumes

Concerto grosso

- hallmark composition of the Baroque period for a small group of soloists

accompanied by orchestra

Polyphony

predominant music style of the Renaissance

Motet

Renaissance polyphonic, vocal composition that was usually sacred (religious music)

Madrigal

Renaissance polyphonic, vocal composition that was secular (non-religious) and often

about courtly love

Modes

- scales used for music during the Medieval period

Monophony

- predominant form of music in the EARLY Medieval period, a single melody line

with latin text, usually sacred

Organum

any Medieval music that adds a second melodic line (or more) to Gregorian Chant

Pope Gregory

cataloged chant and made it part of the Medieval Catholic liturgy

Antiphonal

Singing that alternates back and forth between 2 or more groups

Responsorial

Singing that has a vocal soloist alternate with a choir

Estampie

type of Medieval instrumental, secular dance

Medieval

450-1450

Renaissance

1450-1600

Baroque

1600-1750

Classical

1750-1820

Romantic

1820-1900

Modern Era

1900-present

col legno:

with the wood of the bow

sul tasto:

play over the finger board

con sordino (con sord.):

with mute

marcato:

marked/slightly detached

Tenuto ( - )

play note to it’s full value

staccato ( . )

lightly separated

slur:

smooth and connected, legato

crescendo:

get gradually louder

decrescendo:

get gradually softer