macromolecules

what breaks down carbohydrates/.starches into maltose(disaccharide)

amylase

what breaks down proteins

pepsin

what breaks down lipids

lipace

what is an essential amino acid

one that the body can’t make on it’s own

what does the oral cavity do

-contains salivary amylase which breaks down starches

-food is also mechanically broekn down my teeth

extra: digestion starts here

what does the esophagus do

food moves down here into the stomach via peristalsis

what does the stomach do

-pepsin breaks down proteins

-the stomach secretes HCL to create the acidic enviro for protein breakdown

what does the small intestine do

-contains the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

-contains pancreatic amylase + lipase which digests carbohydrates + lipids

-bile emulsifies fats + lipid breakdown

what does the large intestine do

-Absorbs water and forms feces

-what is the path of food throughout the body

Mouth

esophagus

stomach

small intestine(duodenum, jejunum, and ileum)

large intestine

rectum

anus

what does lipase do specifically with breaking down lipids

-catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into fatty acids + monoglycerides

-they are then absorbed by the small intestine

what do bile salts do

they mif large fat droplets into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for lipase action, aiidng in fat breakdown

what does the stomach do

breaks down proteins using pepsin

into smaller peptides

HCL=also here for protein breakdown

what is the optimal condition for pepsin activity

pH of 1.5-2.0

explain the difference with biuret reagants reacting with peptide bonds that are whole peptides, and short peptides

whole proteins: the solution turns purple because the reagant reacts wiht long-chain polypeptides

short peptides: the solution may appear light purple or slightly pink because the reagent reacts wiht fewer peptide bonds

what is this

esophagus

what is this

salivary gland

what is this

cecum

what is this

stomach

what is this

the duodenum

what is this

pancreas