Pharmacology chapter 21/advance, radiographic procedures, wren 🩻 exam 2

Pharmacology is defined as

The science concern with the origin nature effects in the uses of drug drugs

A drug refers to

A chemical substance that produces a biological response in the living system it’s used to a diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease and is classified by

Its name, It’s action ,Method of legal purchase

(May have at least three different names; Chemical, Generic, Trade)

A generic drug also called ( nonproprietary) refers to

Name given when it becomes commercially available a much simpler name and its never capitalized.

Ex; Diazepam epinephrine, Acetaminophen

The chemical name describes the

The actual identity of a drug, the chemical structure of the drug.

Trademark or brand name is used to

Trademark or brand name is used to specify a drug manufactured by different companies. It’s the trademark for the drug.. (tylenol)

Ex ; Chemical name, Diphenylmenthoxy

generic name: Diphenhydramine

Brand name; Benadryl

The PDR refers to

The annual publication continuing drug content information, It’s used for finding accepted uses of a drug side ,effects, contraindications ,dosages.

Drugs are also classified according to their action or function if drugs have similar chemical actions they are grouped into Categories called drug families, for example

Analgesics……?.?

Anti hypertensives

Anti-inflammatories?. Are used for??

Analgesics; Used to relieve pain

Anti-inflammatories; Used to relieve inflammation

Anti hypertensives; Used to treat hyper blood pressure

Drugs are also classified either legally or prescription, Prescription drug drugs are..

Non-prescription (Legal drugs?)

Prescription drugs require an order by a legally authorized health practitioner who may be a physician, assistant, nurse practitioner, or physician.

Non-prescription (Legal drugs); Are drugs u can Find over-the-counter

The dosage forms of a drug refers to

Refer to the type of the preparation of preparation or the way the chemical agent is transported into the human body

-may determine the speed, wether it’s tablet, capsules, inhalants, suppositories, solutions,suspension, transdermal patches, creams, ointments

A capsule refers to

Is a dose form in which a powdered or liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell.

Inhalation refers to

Allows high concentration ps to be deposited in the respiratory mucosa and exert action by producing bronchodilation or reducing inflammation

Suppository drug refers to ?

Is a dose form shaped for insertion into a body part such as the rectum, vagina, urethra.

Solution dosage form refers

Drugs administered orally or parenterally

Suspension refers to

Never administered intravenously,

Transdermal patch refers to

Permits drugs to to be applied to skin on skin surface , where it is absorbed into blood stream

SUBLINGUAL route to take drugs refers to

SUBLINGUAL-placing drug under tonguE allowed to dissolve and tended to be administered should not be swallowed ex ; nitroglycerin

TOPICAL route for drugs refers to

•TOPICAL- applying drug directly on the skin (cremes,ointments,trans-dermal patch)

PARENTERAL

by injection or by route other than GI tract

INTRAMUSCULAR

•SUBCUTANEOUS

•INTRAVENOUS

DRUG ADMINISTRATION
FIVE GOLDEN RULES

Right  Drug-always check label 3 times,name, and expiration date

•Right Amount -usually according to pt                              weight    

•Right Patient-always check nameband!

•Right  Time

•Right Route

SUB Q refers

an injection that has to be injected with a 45 degree angle

Intramuscular injection has to have a _______ angle

90* angle

A syringe three parts what are they?

1. the tip where the needle attaches

2. the barrel where the calibration scales are printed and what holds the Medication

3. the plunger the inside part that fits into the barrel and change the pressure within the barrel, as is it pulled or pushed in out of the barrel

Lure locks are designed with

Designed with a locking device on the tip to hold the needle in place

Eccentric syringes have a _____

Have a tip on the side rather than the center come in variety of sizes: 1cc, 5 cc, 10cc, 20 cc , 30 cc, 50 cc.

Needles have three parts they include what

Hub

shaft

bevel

Gauge refers to

Refers to the thickness/Diameter Varies from 14 to 28

( The smaller diameter of the shaft/Finer the needle, The larger the gauge number)

18 G = large diameter 25G= small diameter

The length that refers to the length of a shaft and varies from

Varies from .25 to 5 inches

Ampules refers to

Sealed glass containers designed to hold a single dose of drug intended for only one use

Vials refers to

A small glass Bottle with a sealed rubber cap that holds multiple doses of a drug

Bid - refers to

Twice a day

C refers to

With

Et refers to

And

ggm refers to

Gram

H refers to

Hour

hs refers to

At bedtime

Hypo - refers to

Hypodermically

IM- Refers to

Intramuscular

IV- stands for

Intravenously

Mg-=

ml=

Mg= milligrams

Ml= milliliter

Po=

By mouth

Prn=

As needed

Qh Refers to

Every hour

Q2h refers to

Every 2 hrs

Q3h referrs to

Every 3 hrs

Qid-refers to

Four times a day

S-

Without

SC-

subcutaneous

Stat

Immediately

Npo

Nothing by mouth

Tid-

3 times a day

Anesthetics are

Anesthetics are agents that reversibly depressed, neural function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain and other sensations

Anti-anemic agents

Anti-anemic agents are drugs used to treat anemia anemia is a abnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood

Anti-anxiety agents

Anti-anxiety, agents or drugs used to treat anxiety. They act on CNS to coma, relax, and anxious patient

(Diazepam, Valium or lorazepam Ativan

Anti anti-arrhythmias

Anti-arrhythmias are drugs used to treat arrhythmias which are variations from normal rhythm of heartbeat

Anabiotic’s

Anabiotic’s or antimicrobials are drugs, used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Anti-cancer agents are

Anti cancer agents can be used in conjunction with surgery or radiation to treat metastasis, locally advanced, cancerous, metastatic, tumors, and hematologic cancers

Anticholinergics Are drugs

Are drugs that reduce the smooth muscle tone motility of the G.I. tract and secretions from the respiratory tract

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulant or drugs that inhibit clotting of blood or increase coagulation time they are used to treat thromembolic disorders

Anti-metics

Are drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting

Antiepileptic drugs (Anticonvulsants)

Or anti-convulsant or drugs used to prevent The occurrence of seizures

Antifungal agents

Are substances that destroy or suppress the growth of multiplication of fungi?

Antihistamines

Are drugs used primarily to treat allergic disorders, both acute and chronic

Antihypertensive

Are drugs used to treat hypertension, which is high blood pressure

Anti-ulcer agents

Used to treat peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenum and gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is Gerd

Antibiotics

They do not destroy their target pathogen and said they hit prevent their development ex used in Herpes, chickenpox, shingles, influenza, hepatitis, HIV

bronchodilator

Our drugs used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

cholinesterease refers to

Increase levels of acetylcholine, Used for Alzheimer disease

Coagulants

Or drugs used to control hemorrhage

corticosteroids

Are drugs used to reduce systems associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or short-term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions

Diuretics

Drugs that increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys