BIOCHEMISTRY (LIPIDS PART 2)

MOST ABUNDANT COMPONENT OF CELL MEMBRANES

PHOSPHOLIPIDS (PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE/GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDE)

MEMBRANE IS MADE UP OF TWO LAYERS HENCE THE NAME ____

LIPID BILAYER

THIS SELECTIVELY PROHIBITS THE MOVEMENT OF SOME SUBSTANCES, ESPECIALLY THE POLAR SUBSTANCES (HYDROPHILIC)

LIPID BILAYER

LIPOPROTEINS WITH 1 LAYER OF PHOSPHOLIPID ARE?

VLDL, LDL, CHYLOMICRONS

LIPOPROTEINS WITH 2 LAYERS OF PHOSPHOLIPID

HDL

THESE SERVES AS VEHICLES OR CARRIERS OF LIPID IN THE BLOOD, WHICH IS COMPOSED OF PHOSPHOLIPID IN THE OUTER LAYER

LIPOPROTEINS

MAJOR COMPONENT OF LUNG SURFACTANT ARE

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

MOST ABUNDANT PHOSPHOLIPID IN LUNG SURFACTANT; A SPECIFIC LECITHIN/PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

THIS SOLUBILIZES CHOLESTEROL IN BILE

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

A DIGESTIVE JUICE THAT IS PRODUCED BY THE LIVER AND STORED IN THE GALLBLADDER (IN THE RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC)

BILE

WHAT ARE THE SUBSTANCES THAT CAN SOLUBILIZE CHOLESTEROL IN BILE?

BILE ACIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPID

ABSENCE OF EITHER ONE OF THE TWO SUBSTANCES THAT SOLUBILIZE CHOLESTEROL MAY RESULT OT THE PRECIPITATION OF CHOLESTEROL, RESULTING IN?

GALLSTONES AND BILE PIGMENTS

THIS IS INVOLVED IN BLOOD COAGULATION

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

SOME ____ ARE FOUND IN THE CELL MEMBRANE OF PLATELETS (FOR BLOOD CLOTTING)

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

PHOSPHOLIPIDS ARE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF THE PLATELET MEMBRANE, WHICH SERVE AS A ___

THROMBOPLASTIN

THIS IS A SUBSTANCE THAT PROMOTES BLOOD CLOTTING/COAGULATION

THROMBOPLASTIN

THIS ALSO FUNCTIONS AS AN ACTIVATOR/COFACTOR OF SOME ENZYMES

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURAL BACKBONE OF GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDE

GLYCEROL

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURAL BACKBONE OF SPHINGOMYELIN?

SPHINGOSINE

PARENT COMPOUND OF GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDE IS?

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

PARENT COMPOUND OF SPHINGOMYELIN IS?

CERAMIDE

PARENT GROUP OF PHOSPHATIDATE IS?

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

PHOSPHATIDATE MAKES USE OF SUFFIX ___

-DYL

SYSTEMIC NAME FOR LECITHIN IS?

PHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE

SYSTEMIC NAME FOR CEPHALIN

PHOSPHOTIDYL ETHANOLAMINE

SYSTEMIC NAME OF LIPOSITOL?

PHOSPHOTIDYL INOSITOL

SYSTEMIC NAME OF CARDIOLIPIN

DIPHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL

PLASMALOGEN MAKES USE OF SUFFIX ___

-DAL

IN PLASMALOGEN, THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP IS ATTACHED TO THE HYDROXYL GROUP (-OH)

GLYCEROL

IN PLASMALOGEN, THIS IS ATTACHED TO THE NITROGEN GROUP

SPHINGOSINE

IN PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES, GLYCEROL ACTS AS THE?

ALCOHOL BACKBONE

IN PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES, SATURATED FA IS SEEN IN THE?

R1

IN PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES, UNSATURATED FA IS SEEN IN THE?

R2

IN PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES, THIS IS ESTERIFIED TO ITS PHOSPHATE GROUP OR PHOSPHORIC ACID RESIDUE

C3

THIS IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

R1, R2, C3

THIS IS THE SIMPLEST GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDE

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

PARENT COMPOUND AND BASIC STRUCTURE OF ALL PHOSPHATIDATES

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

IN THIS GLYCEROPHOSPHATIDE, DIFFERENT SIDE CHAINS CAN BE ATTACHED TO THE PHOSPHATE GROUP FORMING VARIOUS PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES

PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

KNOWN AS PHOSPATIDYLCHOLINE

LECITHIN

MOST ABUNDANT MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID

LECITHIN

THIS IS FOUND IN THE OUTER LEAFLET OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

LECITHIN

THE USE OF ACETONE MAKES LECITHIN A ____

PRECIPITATE

LECITHIN ENABLES US TO SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES USING ____ AS THE SOLVENT

ACETONE

A PRECIPITATE IN ACETONE IS MOST LIKELY A _____

LECITHIN

THIS IS PRODUCED BY THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE LUNGS AND THIS LUNG SURFACTANT LINES THE INNER WALL OF THE ALVEOLI FACING THE LUMEN OF THE ALVEOLI

DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

THIS PREVENTS COLLAPSE OF THE LUNGS AT THE END OF THE EXPIRATORY PHASE OF RESPIRATION

DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

MEDICAL TERM FOR A COLLAPSED LUNG

ATELECTASIS

LECITHIN DEFICIENCY IN NEWBORNS MAY CAUSE ____

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) (DYSPNEA)

THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE

CEPHALIN

THIS IS INSOLUBLE IN ETHYL AND METHYL ALCOHOL

CEPHALIN

WHAT PRECIPITATES IN ETHYL AND METHYL ALCOHOL?

CEPHALIN

THIS IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF PLATELET THROMBOPLASTIN

CEPHALIN

REFERS TO ANY SUBSTANCES THAT PROMOTES BLOOD COAGULATION, PLATELET AGGREGATION (THE FIRT STEP IN SEALING A CUT IN THE BLOOD VESSEL) VASOCONSTRICTION

THROMBOPLASTIN

THIS IS INVOLVED IN BLOOD COAGULATION; FOUND IN THE INNER LEAFLET

CEPHALIN

CEPHALIN-LIKE PHOSPHATIDATE

PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE

THIS IS FOUND IN THE INNER LEAFLET OF THE LIPID BILAYER FACING THE CYTOPLASM

PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE

INVERSION OF THE LOCATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE IN THE MEMBRANE IS AN EARLY SIGN OF?

APOPTOSIS

THIS IS PRESENT IN THE PLATELET MEMBRANE AND IS ALSO INVOLVED IN BLOOD COAGULATION

PHOSPHOTIDYLSERINE

3 NITROGEN-CONTAINING PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES ARE?

LECITHIN, CEPHALIN, PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE

THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL

LIPOSITOL

THIS IS A SUGAR ALCOHOL UNLIKE LECITHIN, CEPHALIN AND PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE

INOSITOL

IN OUR BODY, INOSITOL WILL UNDERGO PHOSPHORYLATION, WHICH WILL TRANSFORM LIPOSITOL INTO?

PHOSPHOINOSITIDES

THE HYDROXYL GROUPS OF INOSITOL ARE PHOSPHORYLATED BY WHAT ENZYME?

KINASES

THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PHOSPHOINOSITIDES

PHOSPHOTIDYL INOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE (PIP2)

_____ SERVES AS PRECURSOR OF THE SECOND MESSENGER OF HORMONES; CELL SIGNALING THROUGH SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

PHOSPHOINOSITIDES

PIP2 IS FOUND IN THE CELL MEMBRANE ACTED UPON BY MEMBRANE-BOUND _____, PIP2 WILL THEN SPLIT INTO TWO SECOND MESSENGERS 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROL (1,2-DAG) AND INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRIPHOSPHATE (IP3)

PHOSPHOLIPASE C

2 PHOSPHATE GROUPS ATTACHED AT CARBON 4 AND 5

4,5 BISPHOSPHATE

THIS IS IF PHOSPHATE GROUPS ARE ATTACHED TO THE SAME ATOM OR CARBON, SUCH AS IN ADP

DIPHOSPHATE

KNOWN AS ALCOHOL BACKBONE

PHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL

PRECURSOR OF CARDIOLIPIN

PHOSPHOTIDYL GLYCEROL

PHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL, WHEN REACTED WITH ANOTHER PHOSPHATIDIC ACID, FORM ___

CARDIOLIPIN

IN PHOSPHOTIDYL GLYCEROL, ___ IS THE SIDE CHAIN (TRIHYDRIC ALCOHOL)

GLYCEROL

KNOWN AS DIPHOSPHOTIDYL GLYCEROL

CARDIOLIPIN

FORMED BY ATTACHING ANOTHER PHOSPHATIDIC ACID TO THE GLYCEROL CHAIN (PHOSPHATIDYL GLYCEROL)

CARDIOLIPIN

THIS IS FOUND IN THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE

CARDIOLIPIN

CARDIOLIPIN IS INVOLVED IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN BY ATTACHING _____ (ELECTRON CARRIER) OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN OR RESPIRATORY CHAIN

CYTOCHROME C

THE ONLY PHOSPHATIDATE WITH KNOWN IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTY

CARDIOLIPIN

CARDIOLIPIN TESTS FOR WHAT DISEASE?

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDS)

DECREASE IN ____ CAUSES MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN AGING, HEART FAILURE, HYPOTHYROIDISM, AND BARTH SYNDROME (CARDIOSKELETAL MYOPATHY)

CARDIOLIPIN

THIS IS A RARE X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY CARDIOLIPIN ABNORMALITIES, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, ORGANIC ACIDURIA, SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS, NEUTROPENIA AND CARDIOMYOPATHY. THE UNDERLYING CAUSE OF THIS HAS BEEN DEFINITIVELY TRACED TO MUTATIONS IN THE TAZ GENE

BARTH SYNDROME

THIS IS PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES THAT CONTAIN ONLY ONE FATTY ACID

LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS

INTERMEDIATE IN PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE METABOLISM

LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS

THESE ARE PHOSPHOACYLGLYCEROLS CONTAINING ONLY ONE ACYL RADICAL

LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS

THIS IS IMPORTANT IN THE METABOLISM AND INTERCONVERSION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS

LYSOPHOSPHOTIDYLCHOLINE (LYSOLECITHIN)

THIS IS FOUND IN OXIDIZES LIPOPROTEINS AND HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN PROMOTING ATHEROSCLEROSIS

LYSOLECITHIN

THIS CAN BE FOUND IN OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) WHICH IS IMPLICATED IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS

LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS

THIS IS A PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE WHEREIN THE SIDE CHAIN IN CARBON 1 OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACID IS AN A,B-HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALCOHOL

PLASMALOGEN

THIS FORMS AN OH—OH (ETHER) LINKAGE WITH C1

PLASMALOGEN

PLASMALOGEN IS CLASSIFIED AS AN?

ETHER LIPID

THIS IS USUALLY FOUND IN CARDIAC AND SKELETAL MUSCLES, BRAIN, AND LIVER

PLASMALOGEN

THIS CONSTITUTE 10-30% OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF BRAIN AND HEART

PLASMALOGEN

THESE ARE FOUND IN ALMOST ALL MAMMALIAN TISSUES

PLASMALOGENS

HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF _____ ARE FOUND IN BRAIN, RED BLOOD CELLS, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND SPERMATOZOA

PLASMALOGEN

THEY CAN REPRESENT AS MUCH AS 18-20% OF THE TOTAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN CELL MEMBRANES IN THESE CELL/TISSUES

PLASMALOGEN

THIS IS A POTENT PHOSPHOLIPID MEDIATED FIRST DESCRIBED FOR ITS ABILITY TO CAUSE PLATELET AGGREGATION AND DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS. NOW IT IS KNOWN AS A POTENT MEDIATOR OF INFLAMMATION, ALLERGIC RESPONSES, AND SHOCK

PLATELET AGGREGATION FACTOR (PAF)

THIS CAUSES A DRAMATIC INFLAMMATION OF AIR PASSAGE, RESULTING IN ASTHMA-LIKE SYMPTOMS

PLATELET AGGREGATING FACTOR (PAF)

WHEN GALACTOSE IS ATTACHED TO THE 3RD CARBON OF 1,2 DAG (DIACYLGLYCEROL) BY AN OXYGEN-GLYCOSIDIC BOND IT FORMS ___

GALACTOLIPIDS

GALACTOLIPIDS IS FORMED BY WHAT BOND?

OXYGEN-GLYCOSIDIC BOND

THIS MAKES UP 70-80% OF THE TOTALL MEMBRANE LIPIDS OF THE PLANT

GALACTOLIPIDS

SULFONATED GLUCOSE IS ATTACHED TO THE 1,2 DAG BY A GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE

SULFOLIPIDS