Chemistry- Chapter 9, Thermochemistry

heat 

flow of energy caused by a difference in temperature 

what is heat and work together?

two different ways that an object can exchange energy with other objects

Kinetic energy

energy of motion or energy that is being transferred

Thermal energy

energy associated with temperate

Energy

anything that has the capacity to do work

work

force acting over a distance

Energy=

work=force x distance

What is thermal energy a form of?

kinetic energy

potential energy

energy that is stored in an object or energy associated with the composition and position of the object 

joule

when the mass is in kg and velocity is in m/s, the unit for kinetic energy is…

calorie

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree celsius 

Thermodynamics

study of energy and its interconversions 

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

law of conservation of energy

exothermic

energy of the system drops; energy of the surroundings increase

endothermic

energy of the system increases; energy of the surroundings decreases

What is the triangle symbol used for?

means change

Internal energy

sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all of the particles that compose the system 

q=

heat (thermal) energy

Internal energy

energy flowing out of the system is like a withdrawal and therefore carries a negative sign

w=

work energy

What is heat?

exchange of thermal energy between a system and surroundings

What is temperature?

measure of he thermal energy within a sample of matter

What does heat capacity of an object depend on?

amount of matter

What is heat capacity proportional to?

mass and specific heat of the material

Molar heat capacity 

amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance 1 degree C

Enthalpy

sum of the internal energy of the system and the product of pressure and volume

Enthalpy change

reaction is the heat evolved in a reaction at constant pressure