Ch 13 STUDYGUIDE

epidemiology (Host Micro interactions and epidemiology)

define true pathogen

a pathogen that can cause disease in a healthy individual with a healthy immune system

define oppurtunistic pathogen

a pathogen that only causes disease when the host defenses are weakend

portals of entry

the route in which a pathogen uses to enter a hosts body and cause infection

portal of exit

the route in which a pathogen uses to leave the body and spread to others

endemic

aa dissease that is constantly. present ina specific population

epidemic

a sudden increase in # of cases of a disease above what. isnormally expected

sporadic

a disease that occurs occasionally and irregularly in a population

pandemic

a disease outbreak that spreads across multiply contries/continents

prevelence

total number of existing cases (both old and new) in a population at a specific time

total existing case/total pop x 100

incidence

total number of new cases that develop over a specific period of time

new cases/pop x 1000

nosocomial infection

aare acquired in a healthcare setting, also caled (HAI; hospital acquired infection)

Zoonosis

a disease that can be traansmitted from animals to humans

fomite

an inanimate object that can carry and spread infectious agents

Biological Vector

the pathogen develops or multiplies inside the vector

mechanical vector

the vector physically carries the pathogen without being infected

communicable vs non-communicable diseases

communicable: can be spread from person to person

non-communicable: not spread from person to person, often caused by own microbiota, toxins, or enviornmentala exposure

Direct vs. Indirect Transmisssion

direct: immediate transfer of the pathogen from person to person

indirect: pathogen spreads via an intermediate like fomites, vectors, air, food/water