DNA Replication

Helicase

Both

Initiation

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Topoisomerase

Both

Initiation

Unwinds DNA

Alleviates torsional strain

Single Stranded Binding Protein

Prokaryotes only

Initiation

Protect the single strands of DNA from secondary structure formation

Replication Protein A

Eukaryotes Only

Initiation

Protect the single strands of DNA from secondary structure formation

Primease/RNA polymerase

Both

Elongation

Makes a short section of RNA to start replication

-DNA polymerase must start on something

DNA Polymerase

Synthesizes complementary base pairs in the 5 to 3 direction

DNAP-III

Prokaryotes only

Elongation

Both leading and lagging replication

DNAP-Alpha

Eukaryotes only

Elongation

Starts replication on both leading and lagging strands

DNAP-Delta

Eukaryotes only

Elongation

Responsible for lagging strand synthesis

DNAP-Epsilon

Eukaryotes only

Elongation
Responsible for leading strand synthesis

Okazaki Fragments

Results when replication of a lagging strand takes place

Segments form

DNAP-I

Prokaryotes

Termination

1) When replication ends, this removed the RNA starting segment from prokaryote DNA

2) fills in gaps left behind by primers

RNase-H

Eukaryotes

Termination

When replication ends, this removed the RNA starting segment from prokaryote DNA

DNAP-Delta

Eukaryotes

When replication ends, this removed the RNA starting segment from prokaryote DNA

Fills in gaps left behind by removing starting RNA segment

DNA Ligase

Both

Termination

Seals the ends of the DNA and reforms phospho-diester bonds