history test 1

What did Locke think was the great question for all ages?

Who shall have power?

How did Locke's ideas help inspire the American Revolution?

If rulers did not have the consent of the governed, people have the right to rebel.

What is the definition of government?

Government is the institution through which society makes and enforces public policy.

What does a constitution do for a government?

It defines governments powers.

What is the difference in participation in government between a dictatorship and a democracy?

In a dictatorship, one person or small group holds power; in a democracy, the people hold power.

What are the four characteristics of the state?

Population, territory, sovereignty, and government.

What are two synonyms often used for 'state' in the United States?

Nation and country.

What is the Force Theory of how the state was formed?

One person or group comes into an area and forces people to submit to their authority.

What are the four steps (in order) to the state in the evolutionary theory of how the state developed?

Family to clan to tribe to state.

What was MLK's famous quote about injustice?

'If one person faces injustice, everyone else will be affected.'

What theory of the state dominates the preamble?

Social contract.

What is an authoritarian dictatorship?

The ruler holds absolute authority over the people.

What is a totalitarian dictatorship?

The ruler has total control over the lives of the people.

What are the three types of government under the category of the geographic distribution of power?

Unitary, Federal, Confederate.

What are three historical examples of a confederate government?

Articles of Confederation, Confederate States of America, European Union.

What is the difference between a presidential and parliamentary form of government?

In a presidential system, the executive and legislative branches are independent and coequal; in a parliamentary system, they are combined.

What is a coalition in a parliamentary form of government?

When two or more political parties join together to form a government.

What is a vote of no confidence?

This forces a prime minister to step down.

What are the two most popular titles of the leader of a parliamentary government?

Prime minister and premier.

Which ancient civilization is credited with setting up the first Indirect Democracy?

Roman Republic.

What is the meaning of sovereignty?

The government does not answer to any higher authority.

What is the meaning of legitimacy?

The belief of the people that a government has the right to make policy.

In Locke's 'state of nature,' what are the people lacking?

Laws, judges, executives.

According to Locke, what do people stand to lose in favor of the government?

Equality, liberty, and executive power.

Who is the final authority of the government in Locke's opinion?

The people.

According to Rousseau, what type of freedom do humans gain from the Social Contract?

Civil freedom.

What two types of equality are promised by democracy?

Opportunity and before law.

How is majority rule balanced with minority rights in a democracy?

Majority must listen to the concerns of the minority.

What is an example of citizenship duties?

Paying taxes.

What is an example of citizenship responsibilities?

Voting.

What is an initiative in direct democracy?

An individual citizen proposes a bill to become state law.

What is a referendum in direct democracy?

Voting citizens of a state vote on a proposed law.

What is a recall in direct democracy?

Citizens of a state call for a special election to try to vote an official out of office.

autocracy

a form of government which a person holds all powers

oligarchy

the power or rule is held by small elite

republic

people who vote hold sovereign power and the officials they choose to represent them hold political power

monarchy

a king and queen holds absolute power

John Locke

the idea of the natural rights off all humans beings

Thomas Hobbes

defines the rights and power of each people through social contract

Adam Smith and David Ricardo

help monarch/ nation grow wealthier

Voltaire

the importance of scientific observation, the idea of human progress

Baron De Montesquieu

theories about the seqaration of power of gov

Willliam Blackstone

decisiom made on basic of similar decisions previously