Psychological Disorders

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to psychological disorders including definitions, criteria, and characteristics of various disorders.

Abnormal Behavior

Behavior that deviates significantly from societal norms and can interfere with functioning.

Medical Model

A perspective that views abnormal behavior as a disease requiring diagnosis and treatment.

DSM-5

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual used for classifying mental disorders.

Deviance

Behavior that is significantly different from societal norms.

Maladaptive Behavior

Behavior that hinders a person's ability to function in daily life.

Personal Distress

Behavior that causes significant discomfort or suffering to the individual.

Etiology

The study of the causes or origins of a disease.

Prognosis

A forecast about the likely outcome or course of an illness.

Anxiety Disorders

A class of disorders characterized by excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A disorder marked by chronic, high anxiety not associated with specific threats.

Phobic Disorder

A persistent and irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by sudden, recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety.

Agoraphobia

A fear of going into public places, often as a result of panic disorder.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Marked by uncontrollable, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).

Etiology of Anxiety Disorders

Factors contributing to anxiety disorders including biological, conditioning, and cognitive influences.

Dissociative Disorders

A class of disorders characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Involves the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states.

Mood Disorders

Disorders characterized by significant disturbances in mood or emotional state.

Major Depressive Disorder

A disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior.

Delusions

False beliefs maintained despite evidence to the contrary.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without an external stimulus.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication.

Eating Disorders

Severe disturbances in eating behavior related to obsession with weight control.

Anorexia Nervosa

Characterized by intense fear of weight gain and severe restriction of food intake.

Bulimia Nervosa

Involves cycles of binge eating followed by unhealthy compensatory behaviors.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Distress-inducing eating binges not followed by compensatory behaviors.

Abnormal Behavior

Behavior that deviates significantly from societal norms and can interfere with functioning.

Medical Model

A perspective that views abnormal behavior as a disease requiring diagnosis and treatment.

DSM-5

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual used for classifying mental disorders.

Deviance

Behavior that is significantly different from societal norms.

Maladaptive Behavior

Behavior that hinders a person's ability to function in daily life.

Personal Distress

Behavior that causes significant discomfort or suffering to the individual.

Etiology

The study of the causes or origins of a disease.

Prognosis

A forecast about the likely outcome or course of an illness.

Anxiety Disorders

A class of disorders characterized by excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A disorder marked by chronic, high anxiety not associated with specific threats.

Phobic Disorder

A persistent and irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by sudden, recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety.

Agoraphobia

A fear of going into public places, often as a result of panic disorder.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Marked by uncontrollable, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).

Etiology of Anxiety Disorders

Factors contributing to anxiety disorders including biological, conditioning, and cognitive influences.

Dissociative Disorders

A class of disorders characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Involves the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states.

Mood Disorders

Disorders characterized by significant disturbances in mood or emotional state.

Major Depressive Disorder

A disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior.

Delusions

False beliefs maintained despite evidence to the contrary.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without an external stimulus.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication.

Eating Disorders

Severe disturbances in eating behavior related to obsession with weight control.

Anorexia Nervosa

Characterized by intense fear of weight gain and severe restriction of food intake.

Bulimia Nervosa

Involves cycles of binge eating followed by unhealthy compensatory behaviors.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Distress-inducing eating binges not followed by compensatory behaviors.

Psychotherapy

A general term for treating mental health problems by talking with a mental health professional.

Pharmacotherapy

Treatment of mental disorders with medication.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of therapy that challenges dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors by focusing on cognitive distortions and problematic behaviors.

Psychodynamic Therapy

A therapy that focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts and past experiences to understand current symptoms.

Humanistic Therapy

A therapy that emphasizes self-actualization, personal growth, and free will, often non-directive.

Behavioral Therapy

A therapy focused on changing undesirable behaviors through principles of learning, such as classical and operant conditioning.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A disorder developing after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, characterized by intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, and hyperarousal.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

A personality disorder marked by instability in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships, often involving impulsivity and intense fear of abandonment.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, often involving deceitfulness, impulsivity, and lack of empathy.

Obsession

Recurrent, persistent, and unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive and cause significant anxiety or distress.

Compulsion

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules.

Conversion Disorder

A somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences neurological symptoms (e.g., blindness, paralysis, seizures) that cannot be explained by medical evaluation.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A disorder involving physical symptoms that are highly distressing or result in significant disruption in daily life, accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms.

Substance Use Disorder

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, characterized by a range of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A group of disorders that typically begin early in development, characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Specific Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation (e.g., heights, animals, injections), leading to avoidance or extreme distress when exposed.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

A persistent, irrational fear of social situations in which one might be scrutinized by others, leading to avoidance or intense anxiety and distress.