Bootcamp Spinal Nerves and Muscle Stretch Reflexes

What is the CNS?

brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)

What is the PNS?

Everything else, all nerves ( not brain or spinal cord )

What are the basic parts of a neuron ( neuron anatomy) ?

1. Dendrite

2. Nucleus

3. Soma

4. Schwann Cell

5. Nodes of Ranvier

6. Myelin

7. Axon

8. Axon Terminal

9. Cell Body

10. Axon Hillock

What is a synapse?

special junction where neuron communicates with another cell / creates an action potential that goes from the terminal down and moves along the information ( relay information : two cells communicate)

What are the different types of neurons ?

A. Multipolar

B. Pseudounipolar

C. BiPolar

Multipolar

Lots of dendrites coming out( two or more )

Pseudounipolar

One axon splits and one goes to CNS

bipolar neuron

One axon and one dendrite can find them in special senses

quick note :

dendrite : receives info

axon : transmit info out

What is grey matter

collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

What is white matter

bundles of myelinated axons ( remember grey is nonmyelinated ) important for cns and pns

PNS

roots, rami, and nerves

what is afferent?

sensory/ arriving ( when the action potentials are directed towards the CNS)

What is efferent?

motor, exit

action potentials are directed toward the periphery

Functional components of the PNS : special

special sensory - taste, smell, touch, hearing, etc

Functional components of the PNS: general

pain , pressure, touch, temperature, vibratory senses

Functional components of PNS : somatic

everything else

functional components of PNS: Visceral

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands ( epithelium) * only three things

Efferent

out exiting

afferent

In- Arriving

Basic Functional types of axons:

General Somatic Efferent -

Only skeletal muscle

Basic Functional types of axons:

General Visceral Efferent -

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands ( epithelium) efferent ( exiting) . General visceral efferent (GVE) fibers are nerve fibers that carry motor impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

General Somatic Afferent

an sensory neuron that carries impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints. t has to do with pain, temperature, MSK golgi Tendon, and muscle spindles ( musculoskeletal to cns)

General Somatic Efferent

General visceral efferent (GVE) fibers are nerve fibers that carry motor impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

General Visceral Afferent

sensory neurons that convey information from internal organs (viscera) to the central nervous system (CNS)