passive transport lab

Refers to the number of grams of solute per 100 mL of solution.

Percent solution

A solution containing 1 mole of solute in 1 liter of water.

Molar solution

A one molar solution contains 1 mole of solute and is equivalent to its molecular weight in grams per liter.

1 M solution

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane due to an unequal distribution of solutes.

Osmosis

A measure of concentration based on the number of particles per liter of solution.

Osmolarity

A solute that cannot cross a membrane.

Nonpenetrating solute

A solution that has the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as the intracellular fluid.

Isotonic solution

A solution that has a lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than the intracellular fluid.

Hypotonic solution

A solution that has a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than the intracellular fluid.

Hypertonic solution

The effect of an extracellular solution on the volume of a cell, determined by the relative concentration of nonpenetrating solutes.

Tonicity

The rate depends on the solubility of the molecule in lipids.

Diffusion rate of nonpolar molecules

The rate depends on the size of the molecule, proportional to its molecular weight.

Diffusion rate of polar molecules

When RBCs shrink their membrane shrivels up and they look lumpy is called

crenation

if you put RBC into a hypotonic solution they will

swell

0.9% NaCl and 5.0% glucose

some percent solutions that are isotonic to ICF are

the higher the osmolarity, the greater the osmotic pressure of the solution

nonpenetrating solutes

Do not dissociate in water, and only contributes one particle per molecule

glucose

Does dissociate in water

NaCl and CaCl

As water enters the cell, the cell swells, and hemoglobin begins to leak out is called

hemolysis

the faster the solutes enter, the more quickly

hemolysis occurs

1 particle/mole X 1 mole/liter= 1 OsM

OsM of 1 M glucose

2 particles/mole X 1 mole/ liter=2 OsM

OsM of 1 M NaCl

OsM of 1 M CaCl2

3 particles/mole X 1 mole/liter= 3 OsM

solutions can have the same… but different …

molarity and osmolarities

No, they have the same osmolarity, no net movement of water, no the cell volume will remain the same volume change?

Will osmosis occur? in which direction? will the cell volume change?

yes because there is a difference in osmolarity between the ECF and ICF, Water will move into the cell because ICF has a higher solute concentration compared to the ECF, The cell volume will increase as water enters the cell to balance

will osmosis occur? in which direction? will the cell volume increase or decrease?

Will osmosis occur? In which direction? Will the cell volume increase or decrease?

Yes, because there is a difference in osmolarity between ECF and ICF, Water will move out of the cell because the ECF has a higher solute concentration compared to the ICF, the cell volume will decrease as water leaves the cell.

What is an ECF

Extracellular fluid

What is a ICF

intracellular fluid

A suspension of … RBCs is cloudly, and you cannot see through it red

intact

A suspension of … RBCs is red but transparent and you can see through it

hemolyzed