Logical Falacies and other stuff yeah

Circular Reasoning (Begging the Question)

This fallacy occurs when the argument’s conclusion is assumed in the premise, making the argument logically invalid

Cherry Picking (Suppressed Evidence)

This fallacy occurs when someone selectively presents only the evidence that supports their argument, while ignoring evidence that contradicts it.

False Dilemma (Either/Or Fallacy)

This fallacy occurs when an argument presents only two options as the only possibilities, ignoring other alternatives.

Fallacy of Composition

This fallacy occurs when one assumes that what is true for a part is also true for the whole, leading to incorrect conclusions.

Fallacy of Division

This fallacy occurs when one assumes that what is true for the whole must also be true for its parts.

Genetic Fallacy

dismissing an argument based on its
origin or source, rather than evaluating its merits

False Equivalence

Argues two or more things are the same, despite key differences

Tu Quoque

Redirects criticism or blame back onto the accuser, implying that their argument
is invalid because they are also guilty of the same thing

Post Hoc

This fallacy assumes that because one event follows another, the first event must have caused the second

Appeal to Ignorance

when it is argued that a claim must be true because it has not been proven false, or vice versa

Non Sequitur

A statement that does not logically follow from what was previously
said.

Correlation vs. Causation

One thing happens that causes another. Very similar to post-hoc

Apophasis

speaker or writer brings up a subject
by explicitly stating they will not mention it.

Juxtaposition

Two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

Slippery Slope

when someone argues that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related
events with significant and undesirable consequences, without providing evidence for that chain of events.

Bandwagon Effect

The tendency to do or believe things because many other people do or believe the same.

Red Herring

A diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them.

Ad Hoc

an illogical argument that adds new, unsupported explanations to a claim to protect it from being proven false

Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves deliberate and obvious
exaggeration for emphasis or effect.

Begging the Question

logical fallacy in which the conclusion is assumed in the
premise—essentially, circular reasoning.

Invective

insulting, abusive, or highly critical language used to attack or
denounce someone or something.

Appeal to Authority

a logical fallacy in which someone argues that a claim must be true simply because an authoritative figure or expert says it is true.

Perfect Solution Fallacy

This fallacy assumes that if a solution cannot completely
eliminate a problem, it should be rejected entirely,

Dog Whistle

A coded message that seems innocent to the general audience but signals something specific to a targeted group

Antiphrasis

Using a word ironically to mean the opposite (Irony)

Tricolon

A rhetorical term that consists of three parallel clauses phrases or
words which happen to come in quick succession without any
interruption. These three parallel words, phrases or clauses have
almost the same length.

Verisimilitude

The audience contributes to their experience by their willing
acceptance even when events and people in the movie are not realistic

The Gambler’s Fallacy

When someone believes that past events in a random sequence will influence future events, despite each event being independent of the others

Euphemism

polite, mild phrases which substitute unpleasant ways of saying something sad or uncomfortable

Chiasmus

A literary device in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order

Hypophora

A figure of speech in which a writer raises a question, and then immediately provides an answer to that question. Commonly, a question is asked in the first paragraph, and then the paragraph is used to answer the question

Aphorism

A saying that concisely expresses a moral principle or an observation about the world, presenting it as a general or universal truth

Straw Man

fallacy happens when someone misrepresents or oversimplifies another person’s argument to make it easier to attack or refute.

Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy

This fallacy occurs when someone cherry-picks data or evidence to support their argument while ignoring contradictory information

Ad Hominem

Attacking the person rather than the argument!

Non-Sequitur

logical fallacy in which the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises or evidence presented

Appeal to Novelty (Argument from Newness)

This fallacy occurs when something is claimed to be better or superior simply because it is new or modern, without any real evidence to support that claim.

False Cause

This fallacy occurs when it is assumed that because two events occur together, one must have caused the other, without considering other possible explanations

The Fallacy Fallacy

claims that an argument is false because it contains a fallacy.

Figurative Language

Figurative language uses words or expressions with meanings
different from their literal interpretation to create vivid or imaginative
description

Parallelism

involves balancing phrases or clauses that have similar grammatical structures to improve clarity and rhythm

Anadiplosis

repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next

Tonal Shift

When a writer's or speaker’s attitude toward the subject
changes within a work, signaled by a change in diction,
punctuation, or subject matter

Apophasis

When the speaker or writer brings up a subject by
explicitly stating they will not mention it.

Verbal Irony

when someone says the opposite of what they
really mean, often to be sarcastic or humorous.

Asyndeton

The deliberate omission of conjunctions
between parts of a sentence to create a fast-paced or
dramatic effect

Anastrophe

Anastrophe is the inversion of the normal word
order in a sentence, often for emphasis or poetic effect

Allusion

An allusion is an indirect reference to a well-known
person, event, book, or work of art.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of
successive clauses

Antithesis

Antithesis is a rhetorical device where two opposite
ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a
contrasting effect

The Boomerang Effect

When a persuasive message falls in the Latitude of
Rejection, it strengthens opposition instead of changing
attitudes