SNC 1W1 - Chemistry Unit Review

Qualitative

Observations made by your 5 senses, subjective

Quantitative

Measured in an experiment, objective

Meniscus

The curve of the upper surface of a liquid

WHMIS

Workspace Hazardous Materials Information System

HHPS

Hazardous Household Product Symbols

HHPS Symbol: Danger

Octagon, Red

HHPS Symbol: Warning

Diamond, Orange

HHPS Symbol: Caution

Triangle, Yellow

Physical Properties

Observed with senses, differentiate between solids, liquids and gases and observed through tests

Chemical Properties

Involved the formation of a new substance

States of Matter

Solid, liquid or gas at room temperature

Hardness

Resistance of a solid being scratched or dented

Malleability

Can be hammered into this sheets

Ductility

Can be drawn out to long thin wires

Melting/Boiling Points

Temperature at which substances change state

Crystal Form

Shape of the tiny structures which make up a solid

Solubility

Ability to dissolve in a solvent

Viscosity

How easily a liquid flows

Density

Amount of matter per unit volume, mass divided by volume

Colour

Black, Red, Colourless, Greenish Yellow

Texture

Fine, Coarse, Smooth

Odour

Odourless, Spicy,

Lustre

Shiny, Dull, Matte

Taste

Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Tasteless

Combustible

Reacts to oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

Flammable

It will burn if exposes to a flame

Reaction With Acid

Reacts with acids to produce gas and metal dissapears

Matter

Anything that has mass and/or volume (takes up space)

PTOM Postulate 1

All matter is made up of tiny particles

PTOM Postulate 2

All particles of one substance are the same. Different substance are made of different particles.

PTOM Postualte 3

The spaces between the particles are large compared to the sizes of the particles themselves

PTOM Postualte 4

The particles are always moving. The more energy that particles have, the faster they move.

PTOM Postulate 5

There are attracting forces among the particles. These forces are stronger when the particles are closer together

Solid

Particles are close together, attractive forces are stronger, particles move slightly, not compressible

Liquid

Particles are further apart, attractive forces are stronger, particles move quickly, slightly compressible

Gas

Particles are very far apart, attractive forces weakest, particles moving very quickly, easily compressed

Mixture

Contains at least two types of particles: sand & water

Pure Substance

Made up of one type of particle: Salt, Oxygen

Heterogeneous

Not uniformly scattered and in more than one region or phase: oil & water

Homogeneous

Particles are uniformly scattered, one visible phase: coffee and milk

Element

Contains one type of particle/atom: Aluminum, Carbon

Compound

Two or more elements combined together in fixed proportions: Water (H20), Salt (NaCI)

Atom

A tiny particle, which is the basic unit of matter

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

State at Room Temperature - Metals/Non Metals

Metals: Solid expect Hg is liquid
Non Metals: Gases, Solids, Br is a liquid

Lustre: Metals/NonMetals

Metals: Shiny
Non Metals: Dull

Conductivity: Metals and Non Metals

Metals: Good conductors of heat, electricity
Non Metals: Poor conductors

Malleabiltiy: Metals and Non Metals

Metal: Malleable
Non Metal: Brittle

Ductility: Metals and Non Metals

Metals: Ductile
Non Metals: Brittle

Density: Metals and Non Metals

Metals: Dense
Non Metals: Not Dense

Metalloids

Share properties with metals and non metals

Atomic Mass

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons

Periodic Table

A system for organizing the elements into groups and periods

Oxygen Gas

A glowing splint bursts into a flame

Hydrogen Gas

A flamming splint 'pops'

Water Vapour

Cobalt chloride paper turns pink

Carbon Dioxide Gas

A burning splint goes out

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; also the same number of electrons

Mass Number

# of protons + # of neutrons

Number of Neutrons

mass number - atomic number

Number of Protons

number of electrons (neutral atoms)

Dalton

All matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms

Thomson

Atoms contain negatively charged particles called electrons

Rutherford

Atoms contain a central nucleus surrounded by electrons

Bohr

Electrons orbit around the nucleus in electron shells/energy shells

Staircase

Divides the metals and non-metals and are considered the metalloids

Vertical Columns - Periodic Table

Groups - 4

Horizontal Rows - Periodic Table

Periods - 7

Group 1

Alkali Metals: ex. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium

Group 2

Alkaline Earth Metals: ex. Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium

Group 17

Halogens: ex. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine

Group 18

Noble Gases: ex. Helium, Neon, Argon - Least Reactive

Properties of Hydrogen

Colorless, Odorless, Non-Metallic, Tasteless, Extremely Flammable

Ion

Charged atoms

Cation

Positively charged ion that has lost an electron, metals

Anion

Negatively charged ion that has gained an electron, non-metals