Units 1 & 2 Overview

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy popular during the Tang Dynasty that fused elements of Buddhism and Confucianism.

Catholic Church

The largest branch of Christianity, centered in Rome and led by the pope, found most often in Europe and the Americas.

Shi’a

One of the two main branches of Islam that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali as Muhammad’s first true successor.

Sunni

The most common branch of Islam, known for its acceptance of the first three caliphs and its orthodox interpretation of the faith.

Chinampa

A form of Mesoamerican agriculture where farmers cultivated crops on rectangular plots of land on lake beds.

Mandate of Heaven

An ancient Chinese concept which asserts that the right to rule is granted by the heavens.

Grand Canal

The world's longest canal, connecting the Huang He River to northern cities for grain transportation.

Al-Andalus

An Islamic state located in present-day Spain, noted for its achievements in science and trade.

Feudalism

A political and economic system originating from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, involving lords and vassals.

Mansa Musa

The most famous emperor of Mali, known for his pilgrimage to Mecca and for promoting trade and education.

Columbian Exchange

The interchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old and New Worlds following Columbus's voyages.

Mercantilism

An economic system aimed at maintaining a favorable balance of trade by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

Triangular trade

A trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving manufactured goods, enslaved peoples, and raw materials.

Printing press

A device invented by Johannes Gutenberg that revolutionized mass communication and contributed to the Protestant Reformation.

Scientific Revolution

A period where scientists began to challenge traditional views of the world, leading to significant advancements in natural sciences.