analgesics and anesthetics

Types of opioid receptors

• Mu: ___ response with ___ feeling. Decrease ___ ___ and ___ ___

• Delta: ___ with not many ___ ___ but can change ___ ___

• Kappa: ___ and causes ____

analgesic, euphoria, respiratory rate, GI motility, anesthesia, side effects, respiratory rate, sedation, hallucinations

Adverse effects

• cardiac: ___, flushing, and ___

• CNS: sedation, ___, ____, light head, and dysphoria

• GI: nausea, ___, ___, biliary tract spasm

• Genitourinary: urinary ____

• Integumentary: itching, rash, ___ formation

• Respiratory: respiratory ___ and possible aggravation of ___

hypotension, bradycardia, disorientation, euphoria, vomiting, constipation, retention, wheal, depression, asthma

Opioid antagonists for opioid disorder

• naloxone: treat ___, can be given ___, ___, ___, ___. Onset is __ minutes and duration is __ minutes to __ hours

• naltrexone: prevent ___, given by ___, __. Onset is __ to __ minutes and duration is __ hours to __ days

overdose, IV, IM, subcut, intranasal, 2, 30, 2, relapse, PO, IM, 30, 60, 2, 2

Treatments for opioid use

• Buprenophrine: ___-___ which has a lower response. Given __, __, SL, PO, __, and transdermal. may be combined with __ and eases withdrawal symptoms

• Mathadone: __ and given by IV, IM, PO, and subcut

agonist, antagonist, IV, IM, buccal, naloxone, agonist

Nonopioid and miscellaneous analgesics

• acetaminophen: Inhibits ___ synthesis. Acts on the ___. Combined with many other medication. Overdose leads to __

• tramadol: weak __ opioid receptor activity. Inhibits __ and __ reuptake. Adverse effects similar to __.

prostaglandin, hypothalamus, hepatotoxicity, Mu, norepinephrine, serotonin, opioid

Anesthesia: loss of __ and __. Complications can leads to __ and nausea and vomiting

consciousness, reflexes, hypotension

General Anesthesia medications

• nitrous oxide (laughing gas): ___ gas used for __ procedures and __

• sevoflurane: inhaled volatile and used for __

• propofol: initially given through IV for __ and __

• ketamine: __ can be used for __ and depression

• dexmedetomidine: for __ surgeries and sedation. For __ withdrawl

inhaled, dental, labor, surgery, surgery, sedation, bronchodilator, PTSD. short, alcohol

Neuromuscular blocking drugs cause __

• Depolarizing: cholinergic __ that cause __ __. (succinylcholine)

• non depolarizing: cholinergic __ which blocks cholinergic and binds __ (rocuronium)

paralysis, agonist, continuous depolarization, antagonist, competitively

Malignant hyperthermia is rare but deadly which can lead to __ __

• T

• E

• E

• M

treatment

• S

• H

• A

• D

• E

organ failure, temperature increase, elevated HR, elevated RR, muscle rigidity, stop, heat control, activated charcoal, dantrolene, electrolyte balance

Moderate conscious sedation

• __ state for procedures

• close monitoring

• ___ possible

• medication: short acting benzodiazepine plus __ and ___

relaxed, amnesia, opioid, propofol

Local anesthesia types

• central: __ and __ (a common complication is a __ ___

• peripheral: __ (numb), __ block (paralysis in one area), and topical

intrathecal, epidural, spinal headache, infiltration, nerve

Lidocaine

• __ local anesthesia

• injection or topical

• __ for __ __

peripheral, IV, cardiac dysrhythmias