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29 Terms

1

What are the main components of blood?

Plasma (55%), Formed elements (45%)

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2

What percentage of plasma is water and solutes?

Water = 91%, Solutes = 9% (includes glucose, amino acids, lipids, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones)

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3

What are the formed elements of blood?

Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Platelets

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4

What is the ratio of RBCs to Platelets to WBCs?

700:40:1

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5

What are the key characteristics of Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?

No nucleus, biconcave discs, contain hemoglobin, transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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6
  • What is the function of hemoglobin in RBCs?

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide to transport them throughout the body.

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7

What are the disorders related to red blood cells?

Polycythemia (too many RBCs), Anemia (too few RBCs)

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8
  • What are the key characteristics of White Blood Cells (WBCs)?

Have a nucleus, larger than RBCs, involved in immune function.

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9

What are the five types of WBCs from most to least numerous?

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils ("Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas")

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10

What are the disorders related to white blood cells?

Leukocytosis (too many WBCs, indicates infection), Leukopenia (too few WBCs, weak immune system)

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11

: What are platelets and their function?

Platelets are cell fragments formed in the bone marrow, involved in blood clotting and forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding.

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12

What are the disorders related to platelets?

Thrombocythemia (too many platelets), Thrombocytopenia (too few platelets)

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13

What is blood typing based on in the ABO/Rh system?

Blood type is determined by the antigens present on RBCs (A, B, or both) and the antibodies in the plasma (Anti-A, Anti-B).

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14

What is the difference between antigens and antibodies in blood typing?

Antigens are proteins on RBCs that determine blood type, while antibodies are proteins in plasma that attack foreign antigens.

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15

What are the four blood types and their antigens?

  • Type A: A antigen

  • Type B: B antigen

  • Type AB: A and B antigens

  • Type O: No antigens

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16

What are the antibodies present in each blood type?

  • Type A: Anti-B antibody

  • Type B: Anti-A antibody

  • Type AB: No antibodies

  • Type O: Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies

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17

What blood type can Type A donors give to?

Type A, Type AB

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18

What is the universal donor and universal recipient?

  • Universal Donor: Type O

  • Universal Recipient: Type AB

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19

What blood type can Type B donors give to?

Type B, Type AB

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20

What blood type can Type AB donors give to?

Type AB

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21

What blood type can Type O donors give to?

All blood types (universal donor)

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22

What blood type can Type A receive from?

Type A, Type O

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23

What blood type can Type AB receive from?

All blood types

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24

What blood type can Type O receive from?

Type O

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25

What is the Rh factor and how does it affect blood type?

The Rh factor is an antigen on RBCs. If present, the blood type is Rh+; if absent, the blood type is Rh-.

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26

What can happen if an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ baby?

The mother can develop anti-Rh antibodies, which may cause hemolytic disease in a second Rh+ baby.

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27

What is the hematocrit, and what is the normal range?

Hematocrit is the percentage of RBCs in blood.

  • Female: 38%-46%

  • Male: 40%-54%

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28

What is coagulation and how do platelets assist?

Coagulation is the process of blood clotting. Platelets form a plug and release fibrin, which traps RBCs to form a stable clot.

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29

What is the normal coagulation time?

2-6 minutes

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