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why does the holderness coastline need protecting?
the Holderness coastline is one of the fastest eroding coastlines in Europe, losing up to 2 metres per year.
coastal erosion threatens infrastructure- homes, roads, essential services etc.
it affects habitats and biodiversity.
protecting tourism and fishing industries is also vital for the local economy.
why is the holderness coast eroding so rapidly/easily?
the cliffs are made from less-resistant boulder clay
the narrow beaches don't protect the coast or reduce power of the waves
groynes have been installed to stop longshore drift which narrows unprotected beaches even more
waves at holderness travel long distances over the North sea so they'll have more energy and be more powerful
chalk of Flamborough makes..
..caves, arches and stacks
more resistant rock at Flamborough
chalk is the more resistant rock
what rock underlies Hornsea?
soft boulder clay
how long is Spurn Point’s spit?
5.5km
Spurn point rock
boulder clay (so lots of erosion)
landform at spurn point
longshore drift has caused a spit- ‘sand and shingle spit'
Flamborough Head landform
caves, arches, stacks- landforms due to erosion
coastal management
Mappleton: rock groynes, rock revetments
Withernsea: rip rap, sea wall, groynes
Spurn Head: groynes, rock armour
Spurn point
sand and shingle spit
5.5km long
formes across the mouth of the River Humber (estuary)
groynes are old and don't really protect the spit
advantages/ disadvantages groynes
builds a beach encouraging tourism
made of igneous/ metamorphic rocks like granite so they last up to 3 times longer than wood
increases rate of erosion
looks unattractive
advantages/ disadvantages revetments or rock armour
• absorb energy of waves but let water and sediment through so no erosion
• cheap and easy to maintain
• makes access to beach difficult
• large and ugly
Note 
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