Living in the IT Era

Information and Communication Technology

The infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.​

Communication

Through chatting, E-mail, voice mail and social networking people communicate with each other. It is the cheapest means of communication.​

Industrial Revolution

A fundamental change in the way goods were produced, from human labor to machines.

water, electricity, steam and oil

Energy sources that were developed to power the new machinery

Job Opportunities

Aspect in the Use of ICT: Pharmacies use robot technology to assist with picking prescribed drugs.

Pharmacy

The presentation highlights the use of robots in which industry as an example of ICT impacting job roles?

Steam engines

It replace water wheels as sources of power for factories.

Information and Communication Technology

What does ICT stand for?

It provides cheaper and more diverse communication methods.

How does ICT affect communication?

Leave alone

What does laissez-faire capitalism in French means?

Digital Age

Also known as “information age” caused by the rapid shift from traditional industry to computerization all the way to artificial intelligence.

ICT

A group of interrelated technologies (electronic devices) for accessing, processing, and disseminating information.

Social Change

A transformation of culture and social organizations/structures over time.

Technological Determinism​

It is the theory which strongly believes that technology shapes the culture, values, and social structures of a society.

Technological innovation

The cause of social progress. Technology has the control over the society --- over human actions, culture and values.

Social Constructivism

Believes that humans play a main role in shaping technology rather than technology shaping society.

Technological change

The technical knowledge used in the production of capital and machinery.

Invention

Implies the discovery of new technique

Innovation

Practical application of invention in production for market.

Digital Divide

Refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern ICT

Gender divide, social divide and universal access divide

Three primary types of digital divide

Economic, usability and empowerment

Stages of digital divide

Laissez-faire capitalism

What capitalism where companies operated without government interference?

Darwinism

A theory where the fittest or strongest survived.

John D. Rockefeller

Started Standard Oil as a refinery. He used vertical and horizontal integration.

Andrew Carnegie

Began to invest and started Carnegie Steel Company, which dominated the steel industry. He sold the company to the banker J.P. Morgan for $480 million and retired as a philanthropist

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Began investing in railroads during the Civil War. Began gave money to education for the public.

George Pullman

Made his fortune when he designed and built sleeper cars. Built an entire town near Chicago for his employees that was comfortable.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A law which made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with free trade but only applied with few companies.

Great Railcroad strike

the first major rail strike, which stopped freight trains for almost a week, caused violence, and was put down by the army

Haymarket Riot

Chicago was a result of a protest against police actions toward strikers

Samuel Gompers

He founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886, winning wage increases and shorter workweeks

Automobiles

A German engineer invented the internal combustion engine, and soon inventors tried to use it for a new “horseless carriage.”

Charles and Frank Duryea

Two person who built the first practical American motorcar.

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Two American brothers were the first to build a successful airplane.

Samuel F. B. Morse

He invented the Telegraph in 1837.

Alexander Graham Bell

He invented the Telephone in 1876.

Christopher Latham Sholes

He’s a Milwaukee printer, developed the first practical typewriter in 1867.

Thomas Edison

He invented the first phonograph, telephone transmitter, light bulb, motion picture camera and projector.

Third Industrial Revolution

The industrian revolution that sparked the beginning of IT and computer technology, known as the “Digital Revolution.” Manufacturing and automation also advanced because of internet access, connectivity, and renewable energy.

Mark I

It was built as a partnership between Harvard and IBM in 1944. This was the first programmable digital computer made in the U.S. It was constructed out of switches, relays, rotating shafts, and clutches.

Grace Hopper

She found the first computer bug, a dead month that had gotten into the Mark I

Bug

Used to describe a defect since at least 1889

Debugging

Describe the work to eliminate program faults

Howard Aiken

Estimated in 1947 that six electronic digital computers would be sufficient to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States.

Atanasoff- Berry Computer

A computer that used binary system (1’s and 0’s)

Colossus

Built during World War II by Britain for the purpose of breaking the cryptographic codes used by Germany.

Electronic, Numerical, Integrator and Calculator

ENIAC stands for?

ENIAC

It was filled a 20 by 40 foot room, weighed 30 tons, and used more than 18,000 vacuum tubes.

John Mauchly and Presper Eckert

ENIAC was built by two professors.

John von Neumann

He presented his idea of a computer that would store computer instructions in a CPU

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Consisted of elements that would control the computer electronically

Transistor

It made computers smaller, less expensive and increased calculating speeds.

Integrated circuits

It replaced transistors where it could replace hundreds of transistors. This made computers even smaller and faster.

Microprocessor

It was invented by the Intel Corporation an entire CPU on one chip. That led to microcomputers-computers on a desk.

Mainframe computers

The computer programming in the 1970’s.

Time-sharing

It is where the computer gave each user a tiny sliver of time in a ron-robin fashion.

Teletype

A motorized typewriter that could transmit your keystrokes to the mainframe and then print the computer's response on its roll of paper.

Batch mode processing

The alternative to timee sharing where the computer gives its fulll attention to your program.

Key punch machine

In exchange for getting the computer's full attention at run-time, you had to agree to prepare your program off-line on a _________ which generated punchcards.

Fourth Industrial Revolution

The era of industrial revolution that coined in 2011 with a growth in smart machines, storage systems, and production faccilites not needing any human interaction.

Internet of Things

It is an interconnected network of machine devices and vehicles embedded with computerized sensing, scanning, and monitoring capabilities.

Cloud computing

A network of resources a company can access, and this method of using a digital drive increases the efficiency of organizations.

Big data

A trend that allows businesses to analyze exnsive sets of information to achieve variety in increasing volumes and growth of velocity.

Data mining

A way companies can predict grorwth opportunities and achieve future success.

Automation

Collect information from vendors, customers and ther documentation. It check invoices and other accounts-payyable aspects expedite customer interactions.

Artificial intelligence

The ability of a digital computer or computer controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.

Medial AI

An AI systems that can anticipate the outcome of treatment and even estimate the length of a hospital visit.

Home AI

Ai systems that expedite daily tasks such as listening to music, asking for restaurant hhours, getting directions and sending messages.

Virtual Reality

The use of computer modeling and simulation that enables a person to interaaact with an artificial three-dimensional (3D) visual or other sensory evironment.

Augmented Reality

A more versatile and practical version of virtual reality, as it does not fully immerse individuals in an experience.

Blockchain Data

A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack or cheat the system.

Internet of Things

An emerging movement of products with integrated Wi-Fi and network connectivity abiliities.

5G

It meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users.