Chapter 3 The Skeletal System-Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Ehrlich

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/i, chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind, tie together

kyph/o

bent, hump

lord/o

curve, swayback, bent

-lysis

loosening or setting free

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

bone

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

acetabulum (ass-eh-TAB-you-lum)

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket.

allogenic (al-oh-JEN-ick)

Originating within another.

ankylosing spondylitis (ang-kih-LOH-sing spon-dih-LYE-tis)

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.

arthrodesis (ar-throh-DEE-sis)

The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint.

arthrolysis (ar-THROL-ih-sis)

The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

arthroscopy (ar-THROS-koh-pee)

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.

autologous (aw-TOL-uh-guss)

Originating within the individual.

avascular necrosis (ay-VAS-kyou-lar neh-KROH-sis)

An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow.

chondromalacia (kon-droh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

The abnormal softening of cartilage.

comminuted fracture (KOM-ih-newt-ed)

A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.

compression fracture

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.

costochondritis (kos-toh-kon-DRIGH-tis)

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

craniostenosis (kray-nee-oh-steh-NOH-sis)

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.

crepitation (krep-ih-TAY-shun)

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

dual x-ray absorptiometry (ab-sorp-shee-OM-eh-tree)

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density.

gout (GOWT)

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.

hallux valgus (HAL-ucks VAL-guss)

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion.

hemarthrosis (hem-ar-THROH-sis)

Blood within a joint.

hemopoietic (hee-moh-poy-ET-ick)

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

internal fixation

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRIGH-tis)

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

kyphosis (kye-FOH-sis)

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager's hump.

laminectomy (lam-ih-NECK-toh-mee)

The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.

lordosis (lor-DOH-sis)

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback.

lumbago (lum-BAY-goh)

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain.

malleolus (mah-LEE-oh-lus)

The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

manubrium (mah-NEW-bree-um)

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

metacarpals (met-ah-KAR-palz)

The five bones that form the palms of the hand.

metatarsals (met-ah-TAHR-salz)

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.

myeloma (my-eh-LOH-mah)

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

open fracture

A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture.

orthopedic surgeon (or-thoh-PEE-dick)

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist.

orthotic (or-THOT-ick)

A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

osteitis (oss-tee-EYE-tis)

Inflammation of a bone.

osteoarthritis (oss-tee-oh-ar-THRIGH-tis)

The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis.

osteochondroma (oss-tee-oh-kon-DROH-mah)

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

osteoclasis (oss-tee-OCK-lah-sis)

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

osteomalacia (oss-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

Abnormal softening of bones in adults.

osteomyelitis (oss-tee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis)

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

osteopenia (oss-tee-oh-PEE-nee-ah)

Thinner-than-average bone density.

osteoporosis (oss-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis)

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging.

osteoporotic hip fracture (oss-tee-oh-pah-ROT-ick)

A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

osteorrhaphy (oss-tee-OR-ah-fee)

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

Paget's disease (PAJ-its)

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

pathologic fracture

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer.

percutaneous vertebroplasty (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us VER-tee-broh-plas-tee)

A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.

periostitis (pehr-ee-oss-TYE-tis)

An inflammation of the periosteum.

podiatrist (poh-DYE-ah-trist)

A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.

polymyalgia rheumatica (pol-ee-my-AL-jee-ah roo-MA-tih-kah)

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.

prosthesis (pros-THEE-sis)

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.

rheumatoid arthritis (ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRIGH-tis)

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

rickets (RICK-ets)

A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D.

scoliosis (skoh-lee-OH-sis)

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

spina bifida (SPY-nah BIF-ih-dah)

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

spiral fracture

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.

spondylolisthesis (spon-dih-loh-liss-THEE-sis)

The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it.

spondylosis (spon-dih-LOH-sis)

A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis.

subluxation (sub-luck-SAY-shun)

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

synovectomy (sin-oh-VECK-toh-mee)

The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.

vertebrae (VER-teh-bray)

The bony structural units of the spinal column.