Chapter 26 Vital Signs

Oral Temp

96.4-99.5 (35.8-37.5)

Pulse

60-100

Resp

12-20

BP

120/80

Factors affecting Body Temp

-Circadian Rythm

-Age & gender

-Physical Activity'

-State of Health'

-Environmental temp

Afebrile

w/o fever

pyrexia

w/ fever (febrile)

Intermittent Fever

Temp returns to normal atleast once every 24 hr

Remittent Fever

Temp fluctuates a few degrees but doesnt return to normal

Sustainesd/cont fever

Temp remains above normal with minimal variation

Relapsing/recurrent fever

Temp returns to normal for one or more days w/ one of more episodes of fever

Pulse is regulated by;

The ANS through cardiac sinoatrial node

Parasympathetic nervous system

decrease heart rate (rest/digest)

Sympathetic Nervous System

Increase HR (fight or flight)

Pulse rate = # of

number of contractions over a peripheral artery every 1 min

Characteristics of peripheral pulse

-Rate (normal,tachy,brady)

-Amplitude(strong or weak)

-Rhythm

-Volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat (stroke volume)

Pulse Site

Temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

Pulse Strength grades (Amplitude) - 0

absent, unable to palpate

Pulse Strength grades (Amplitude) - + 1

diminished, weaker than expected

Pulse Strength grades (Amplitude) - + 2

normal

Pulse Strength grades (Amplitude) - + 3

bounding (too strong)

Diffusion

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the aveoli of lungs and the circulating blood

Perfusion

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and tissue cells

Eupnea

Normal breathing

Tachypnea

rapid breathing

bradypnea

decreased breathing

apnea

no breathing episodes

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

Orthopnea

changed in breathing when sitting or standing