japanese expansion in east asia

agreements that invasion of Manchuria violated

1. covenant of the league of nations (1919)

2. nine-power treaty/ Washington naval conference (1922)

3. kellogg-Briand pact/ paris pact (1928)

impact of LON (1919)

japan was bound by article 10 which required members to respect the territorial and political integrity and political independence of all member state, including China

impact of nine-power treaty (1922)

obligated signatories, including japan, to uphold China’s sovereignty and to maintain open-door policy

impact of kellog-briand pact (1928)

renounced war as an instrument of national policy

what event marked a shift towards militarism and nationalism in japan

the assassination of PM Inukai on the 15th of may 1932

who assassinated PM Inukai

ultranationalist naval officers and members of the league of blood brother who wanted to restore direct imperial rule and dismantle democracy

why was PM Inukai assassinated

his attempts to negotiate with the LON and limit the Kwantang army’s actions in Manchuria clashed with militarist ambitions

what PM succeeded Inukai

Admiral Saito

what did admiral saito do in 1933

withdraw from the LON

why did saito withdraw from the LON

he gave in to military pressure and the Lytton report condemned their invasion of manchuria

what did the withdrawl from the LON signal

japans rejection of international cooperation and their emboldened expansionist policies

when did a violent coup trying to overthrow the government and establish imperial rule happen

26th of February 1936

who enacted the violent coup in 1936

the imperial way faction

impact of coup

killed high-ranking officials and increased the influence of the military over politics as the control faction consolidated power

what was the control faction

a military faction that believed in militarism and aggressive foreign policies

who supported the control faction

the emperor, privy council, zaibatsu

what did the control faction do

reorganised the economy for war and suppressed political groups

1933 report calling for japan to withdraw from manchuria

Lytton report

incident in 1931 that was used by the japanese to invade manchuria

mukden- the explosion of the south manchuria railway by japanese soldiers

the genro leader that appointed PM and approved treaties but slowly lost influence in the 1930s

saionji

emperor showa’s name before he became emperor

prince hirohito

japanese political party that was reluctant in their support of male suffrage

seiyukai

where were the japanese imperial army troops sent excessively

manchuria

impact of rice riots (1918)

PM terauchi resigned

number of successful attempts at assassinated the japanese PM

four

elite japanese army unit in manchuria

kwantung

leader of teh japanese communist party during the long march

mao

london naval conference

1930, Japan was granted the 10:10:7 ratio that it wanted

privy council

the advisory council of military and genro leaders that advised the emperor

name of manchuria after 1932

manchukuo

number of attempted coups in 1930s japan

six

Preservation of Peace act

1925 act to suppress leftist ideology

period after taisho that is marked by militarism

showa period

the first commoner and party politician to become PM

hara in 1918

the showa period lasted…

1926-1989

who had power in the taisho period

parliament and democratic parties

who had power in the showa period

military

what was the showa period marked by

censorship, propaganda, expansion

reason for 1930s economic issues in japan

rapid growth of population which required food imports

what was seen as the solution to japan’s economic problems

expansion through military

when did japan go to war with china

1937

when were the political parties in japan resolved

1940s

what party gained control in china’s rural areas

chinese communist party (ccp)

why did the london naval conference happen

to review earlier naval agreements as they did not want an arms race during the great depression

what prominent leader of the genro ordered the removal of ministers that objected to the signing of the london naval agreement

saionji

what happened to saionji for signing the agreement

he was shot by an ultranationalist assassin

why was expansion into manchuria deemed as necessary

• to achieve self sufficency

• solve over population

• clear out parlimentary government in favour for military under emperor

• source of cheap labour

• consumers of japanese goods

why were the ziabatsu labelled as traitors

for investing overseas and not in the japanese economy

what did the cherry blossom society and the imperial way faction want

to destroy all political parties and restore the power of the emperor

how did japanese political violence impact japanese foreign policy in the 1930s

leaders that advocated for peaceful policies and were against expansion were targeted