PEDIA 3

Newborn bloodspot screening

To Determine if infant has heritable, congenital, metabolic disorder

Newborn screening

Early detection and management of several congenital disorder

Heritable condition

Condition that can result in mental retardation

Inherited from genes of biological parents

Congenital hypothyroidism

Aka cretinism or dwarfism

Absence/lack of development of thyroid gland

Absence/lack of thyroxine

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Inborn defect in biosynthesis of adrenal cortisol

Severe salt or sodium losses

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Inborn error due to lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Galactosemia (GAL)

Inborn error of metabolism

Type 1 galactosemia

Galactokinase-deficiency

Inability to convert galactose to glucose

Type 2 galactosemia

Classic galactosemia

Defiency of uridyl transferase

Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)

Rbc lacks protection from harmful effects of oxidative substances

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)

Inborn error in metabolism of amino acids

Deficiency in enzyme system responsible for decarboxylation

Heel-prick method

Drops of capillary blood in the heel and biot on filter paper

4 hrs drying time

Growth

Increase in physical size

Development

Progression toward maturity

Increase in skill/ability to perform tasks

Maturation

Synonym for development

Psychosocial development

Erikson’s stages of personality development

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

Ability to know right and wrong and apply it in real-life situations

Cognitive development

Ability to learn/understand from experience

Assessed by intelligence tests and by observing

Neurologic tissue

Grows rapidly during first 2 years of life

The Easy child

Easy to care for

Predictable and adapts to new situation readily

The intermediate child

Both easy and difficult groups are present

The difficult child

Irregular habits

The slow-to-warm-up child

Fairly inactive, responds mildly an adapts slowly

Theory

Provides a framework for explaining a phenomenon

Developmental theories

Provides road maps for explaining human development

Developmental tasks

Skills/growth responsibility arising at particular time

Sociocultural theories

Stress the importance of environment on growth and development

Phallic stage

Learns sexual identity; awareness of genital

Latent stage

Personality development appears nonactive or dormant

Sigmund freud

Psychoanalytic theory

Erikson

Theory of psychosocial development

Jean piaget

Theory of cognitive development

Neonatal reflex

1-4 month

Stimuli assimilated into beginning mental images

Primary circular reaction

4-8 months

Coordination develops

Secondary circular reaction

8-12 months

Initiate, recognize, repeat experiences from environment

Coordination of secondary reactions

12-18 months

Plans activity to attain specific goals

Tertiary circular reactions

18-24 months

Able to experiment to discover new properties of objects/events

Invention of new means through mental combinations

24 months

Toys: blocks or colored plastic rings

Preoperational thought

2-7 years

Can answer mentally

Concrete operational thought

7-12 years

Systematic reasoning

Formal operational thought

12 years

Can solve hypothetical problems with scientific reasoning

Kohlberg

Theory of moral development

Preconventional

Punishment/obedience orientation

Individualism

Conventional

Interpersonal relations of mutuality

Maintenance of social order

Post-conventional

Social contract, utilitarian

Universal ethnical principal orientation

Infancy

Period of rapid growth and development

Weight

Doubles their birth weight by 6 months and triple by 1 year

Heart rate

From 110-160, it will slow to 100-120 by the end of 1st year

2-3 months

Infants are prone to develop a physiologic anemia at what age?

20-30

Respiratory rate of an infant slows from 30-60 bpm to ______ by the end of first year

Lipase

Digestion of saturated fat

Decreased during entire first year

6 months

Ability to adjust to cold is mature by age ____.

Touch, smell, taste, hearing

Most developed at birth

Vision

Least developed at birth

Locomotor skills

Allows children to move through different environments