Understanding Synapses

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to synapses as discussed in the lecture.

Synapse

A way cells communicate with each other, functioning as an anatomical structure.

Electrical Synapse

A synapse that allows for direct electrical communication between cells through gap junctions.

Chemical Synapse

A synapse that communicates via neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic terminal.

Gap Junction

A specialized channel that connects two adjacent cells, allowing for the free flow of molecules.

Presynaptic Terminal

The end of an axon where neurotransmitters are released during synaptic communication.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals released from the presynaptic terminal that transmit signals across a synapse.

Exocytosis

The process by which neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft.

Synaptic Cleft

The small space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where neurotransmitters diffuse.

Postsynaptic Membrane

The membrane of the receiving cell that contains receptors for neurotransmitters.

EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential)

A transient depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, making it more likely to fire an action potential.

IPSP (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential)

A transient hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to fire an action potential.

Summation

The process by which all EPSPs and IPSPs are combined to determine the overall change in membrane potential.

Synaptic Plasticity

The ability of synapses to change in strength, efficiency, and number of connections based on activity.

Reuptake

The process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic terminal after their release.

Calcium Ions (Ca²+)

Ions that increase in concentration within the presynaptic terminal and trigger neurotransmitter release.

Action Potential

A rapid change in membrane potential that conveys information along an axon.