American History 2 -- Unit 1

Vertical Integration

Act in which a company owns all of their resources etc.

Horizontal Integration

Act in which a company limits their competition as much as possible.

Social Darwinism

Originated by Charles Darwin. The belief its is an individual's responsibility to care for themselves.

Trust

When an individual's corporation gives friends money in exchange for benefits fulfilled

Gospel of Wealth

Article written by Andrew Carnegie that there was a gap between the rich and poor in America. In addition, it mentions that you should help the poor instead of using money on yourself.

Monopolies

A situation where a company owns their supply/services with the least/minimum amount of competition.

Assembly Lines

Created by Henry Ford along with Interchangeable parts. Although it isn't faster, it makes replacing items easier.

Bessemer Process

Action where you inject air into molten iron to make steel. (Iron+Fire+Oxygen=Steel)

Interchangeable Parts

Created by Henry Ford that makes fixing cars easier due to parts being standardized.

Carnegie Steel

Steel Industry by Andrew Carnegie that was bought out by J.P Morgan.

Robber Barron

Term where wealthy people would flaunt their money and use cutthroat business tactics to gain more wealth

The Dawes Act

An Act where Natives are forced to admit ownership of reservations when they are against owning "god" (They don't see land as something to own unlike the whites)

John D. Rockefeller

Believed in Horizontal Integration (bought out competition), and had Standard Oil companies

Land Rush

Provided by the Home Stead act where acres of land are given at a race for cheap value. Used to get people to migrate west.

Little Big Horn

Fight that George Armstrong Custer forced Natives onto reservations

Ghost Dance Movement

Movement where Natives performed rituals with hopes of gaining the culture and land back. From a whites perspective, this was a threat since they believed the native ancestors were going to return and kill the settlers.

Battle of Wounded Knee

Took place during the Ghost Dance Movement where whites killed hundreds of Natives and lead to forced assimilation of Native children into "white" schools.

Gilded Age

A period of time where corruption was overshadowed by the wealth.

Sand Creek Massacre

After Natives attacked whites in Minnesota, the Colorado militia fired unarmed Native families

Political Machines

When a political party manipulates people to make sure the person elected in control stays in control.

Name 3 problems of Social Dawinism

1. Poor people are left out

2. Encouraged ideas of Racism

3. Influenced passive attitudes regarding political issues.

Andrew Carnegie

Believed in Vertical Integration (owning supplies) and controlled Carnegie steel et.;

Nativism

Policies that were in favor of native born, white Americans and restricted immigration.

George Pullman

Created luxury train cars, and his own towns where his employees worked, lived, and shopped.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

The deadliest workplace tragedy before 9/11 that sparked the development of fire safety precautions.

Ellis Island

Immigration inspection station off of the East Coast that welcomed immigrants coming from Europe.

Angel Island

Immigration inspection station off of the West Coast that "welcomed" immigrants coming from Asia

Pacific Railway Act

Legislation that encouraged the construction of transcontinental railroad.

Sacco and Venzetti Trial

Two Italian immigrant anarchists were accused and convicted of first-degree murder without proper evidence.

Populism

A political party that supported bimetalism, direct election of senators, secret ballot, and regulated railroad prices.

Captain of Industry

a business tycoon that donated money for the construction of libraries and museums.

Old Immigrants

Immigrants that came to America before 1890, and came from Northern and Western Europe

New Immigrants

Immigrants that came to America after 1890, and came from Southern and Eastern Europe

Reservations

Land that Native Americans were forced onto so that Americans could expand and mine for gold without clashing with Native tribes