Bio 101 Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function

All living things consist of ___ and__ come from other _

Cell theory

simple, small cells, (bacteria, e coli, salmonella, listeria) doesn’t have membrane bound nucleus

Prokaryotic cells

Has a membrane bound nucleus that helps protect DNA (plant cell, animal cell, fungal cells, protistans)

Eukaryotic cells

A plasma membrane, genes, and cytoplasm are the 3 common feature of what?

Cells

An irregular bacteria shaped region in a prokaryotic cell that contains its DNA

Nucleoid

entire region between nucleus and plasma membrane

cytoplasm

Gel like fluid in which organelles are located

cytosol

_____ organisms can have other cells do jobs, are more larger, replace damaged cells, heal wounds, communication and coordination within complex behaviors, genetic diversity

multicellular

More surface area to volume ratio and has to do with their metabolic limits

Smaller cell

Contains most of the genes... double membrane... chromatin... nucleolus.

—Stores DNA and synthesizes mRNA and ribosomes

Nucleus

Synthesizes proteins

Ribosomes

Makes proteins used inside the cell

Free ribosomes

Make proteins for membranes or export

Bound ribosomes

Synthesizes lipids…detoxifies drugs…special role in muscle cells

-Metabolize carbohydrates

Smooth ER

Folds and packages secretory proteins…glycoproteins…vesicles bud off

Rough ER

Center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping

—CIS face receives

—Trans face ships

—Modifies proteins

—Ships them in vesicles

Golgi apparatus

Digest macromolecules…acidic environment…autophagy

-breaks down food

-Recycles old cell part

-Helps destroy cells during development

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound sacs…vacuoles larger

-Food Vacuoles

-Contractile vacuoles

-Central vacuoles

Vacuoles and vesicles

Contractile vacuoles

pump water

Central vacuole

Plants

Site of cellular respiration… has its own DNA

-Makes ATP (energy)

Mitochondria

Site of photosynthesis…..cholrophyll…own DNA

-turns sunlight into sugar

Chloroplasts

Actions of enzymes result in hydrogen peroxide

—Breaks down toxins and fatty acids

Peroxisomes

Network of fibers…support…motility…anchorage

Three fibers— Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Cytoskeleton

Cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles, plasmodesmata make up

Plant cells

Many junction types, extracellular matrix, anchoring, tight, and gap junctions

animal cells

includes chromatin, chromosomes, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, DNA

Nucleus

contained within the nucleus (organized with proteins into a material called chromatin)

DNA

coils up and condensed to form chromosomes.”

chromatin

components of ribosomes are synthesized here

nucleolus

This Synthesizes lipids (phospholipids and steroids)

• “Metabolize carbohydrates”

• “Detoxify drugs and poisons”

• “Special role in muscle cells”

Smooth ER

• “Folds and packages secretory proteins”

• “Some are glycoproteins (carbohydrate is attached to protein in the E.R.)”

• “Secretory proteins depart from E.R. wrapped in membranes of vesicles that bud… from transitional E.R.

Rough ER

the cell taking in food or particles so lysosomes can digest them.

phagocytosis

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

Photosynthesis

the membrane sacs inside chloroplasts.

Thylakoids

a stack of thylakoids.

Granum

network of fibers, support, mobility, anchorage

cytoskeleton

Actin

Mictrofilament

Protein and keratin

intermediate filament

tubulin as a subunit

microtubules

short hair like structures. Line our respiratory tract cells, wave in unison, more mucus, particles of dust

cillia

long whip like structure, movement in watery environment (sperm cells)

flagella

membrane lined channels that contain cytoplasm. Water & small molecules can pass from cell to cell.

plasmodesmata

Anchoring junction

Serve to mechanically attach adjacent cells.

Sturdy but flexible sheet of cells

Plasma membrane proteins attached to each other like a Ziplock.

Tight junctions

Allows cells to communicate. Small tubes connect cells. Small molecules and ions can pass

Gap junctions

• No nucleus

• No membrane-bound organelles

• Can be photosynthetic

• Have different shapes

Bacterial cell