UNIT 9 - GLOBAL WARMING

condense (n) /kənˈdens/ (The condense formed on the window after the storm)

🔸small drops of water that form when warm air cools → giọt nước ngưng tụ

contract (n) /ˈkɑːn.trækt/ (The contract of the ice sheet was unexpected)

🔸the process of becoming smaller → sự co lại

expand (n) /ɪkˈspænd/ (The expand of heated air caused pressure changes)

🔸the act of increasing in size → sự giãn nở

flow (n) /floʊ/ (The flow of the river increased after the flood)

🔸the steady movement of liquid or gas → dòng chảy

current (n) /ˈkɝː.ənt/ (The ocean current affects global climate)

🔸a steady movement of water in a sea or ocean → dòng hải lưu

current (n) /ˈkɝː.ənt/ (The electrical current can melt ice sheets)

🔸a flow of electricity → dòng điện

drought (n) /draʊt/ (The drought lasted for three years)

🔸a long period without rain → hạn hán

flood (n) /flʌd/ (Severe floods destroyed the valley)

🔸a large amount of water covering land → lũ lụt

glacier (n) /ˈɡleɪ.si.ɚ/ (Glaciers are melting due to global warming)

🔸a large mass of ice that moves slowly → sông băng

hurricane (n) /ˈhɝː.ɪ.kən/ (The hurricane swept away entire villages)

🔸a violent storm with strong winds → bão nhiệt đới

typhoon (n) /taɪˈfuːn/ (The typhoon hit the coastal area)

🔸a tropical storm in the Pacific region → bão lớn

accurate (adj) /ˈæk.jɚ.ət/ (Accurate data is needed to study climate change)

🔸correct and exact → chính xác

likely (adj) /ˈlaɪ.kli/ (It is likely that the glacier will melt)

🔸probable

compressed (adj) /kəmˈprest/ (The compressed gas was released into the atmosphere)

🔸pressed into a smaller space → bị nén lại

expel (v) /ɪkˈspel/ (The volcano expelled ash into the air)

🔸to force out → phun ra

valley (n) /ˈvæl.i/ (The flood destroyed the entire valley)

🔸an area of low land between hills or mountains → thung lũng

seismologist (n) /saɪzˈmɑː.lə.dʒɪst/ (Seismologists study earthquakes)

🔸a scientist who studies earthquakes → nhà địa chấn học

allegedly (adv) /əˈledʒ.ɪd.li/ (The factory allegedly caused the pollution)

🔸said without proof → được cho là

assault (v) /əˈsɑːlt/ (The storm assaulted the coastline)

🔸to attack violently → tấn công dữ dội

deposit (n) /dɪˈpɑː.zɪt/ (A thick deposit of sand covered the city)

🔸a layer of substance left behind → lớp trầm tích/lắng đọng

sweep away (v) /swiːp əˈweɪ/ (The houses were swept away by the flood)

🔸to remove or destroy completely → cuốn trôi

spore (n) /spɔːr/ (Spores were wafted through the air)

🔸a cell that can grow into a new plant → bào tử

waft (v) /wɑːft/ (The smoke wafted across the valley)

🔸to move gently through the air → lan toả

burst (v) /bɝːst/ (The river burst its banks)

🔸to break open suddenly → vỡ tung

gunboat (n) /ˈɡʌn.boʊt/ (Gunboats patrolled the flooded area)

🔸a small military ship with guns → tàu pháo

panel (n) /ˈpæn.əl/ (The expert panel discussed global warming)

🔸a group of people giving advice → hội đồng

overstated (adj) /ˌoʊ.vɚˈsteɪ.t̬ɪd/ (The threat was overstated in the media)

🔸described as greater than it really is → bị nói quá

understated (adj) /ˌʌn.dɚˈsteɪ.t̬ɪd/ (The risks were understated in the report)

🔸described as less than it really is → bị nói giảm

ice sheet (n) /ˈaɪs ˌʃiːt/ (The ice sheets are melting rapidly)

🔸a large mass of ice covering land → chỏm băng

account for (phr v) /əˈkaʊnt fɔːr/ (Transport accounts for much of the emissions)

🔸to make up a part of something → chiếm

variability (n) /ˌver.i.əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ (Climate variability is increasing)

🔸the quality of changing often → sự biến động

northeastwards (adv) /ˌnɔːrθˈiːst.wɚdz/ (The storm moved northeastwards)

🔸hướng về phía đông bắc

accelerated (adj) /əkˈsel.ɚ.eɪ.t̬ɪd/ (Accelerated melting of glaciers is observed)

🔸happening faster → tăng tốc

permafrost (n) /ˈpɝː.mə.frɑːst/ (Permafrost is melting in Siberia)

🔸ground that remains frozen all year → tầng đất đóng băng vĩnh cửu

potent (adj) /ˈpoʊ.t̬ənt/ (Methane is a potent greenhouse gas)

🔸very powerful and effective → mạnh

condense into/out of something (The steam condensed into water)

🔸ngưng tụ thành/từ cái gì

condense into rain/liquid/droplets (Water vapour condenses into droplets)

🔸ngưng tụ thành mưa/chất lỏng/giọt nhỏ

vapour/moisture/steam/gas condenses (Steam condenses on the window)

🔸hơi ẩm/hơi nước/khí ngưng tụ

a cloud condenses (A cloud condenses into rain)

🔸đám mây ngưng tụ

the throat contracts (The throat contracts when swallowing)

🔸họng co lại

the muscles/ventricles contract (The muscles contract during exercise)

🔸cơ/tâm thất co lại

contract rhythmically/rapidly (The heart contracts rhythmically)

🔸co bóp nhịp nhàng/nhanh chóng

expanded by an amount (The balloon expanded by 20%)

🔸nở rộng thêm một lượng

an expanding universe/economy/population (An expanding universe fascinates scientists)

🔸vũ trụ/kinh tế/dân số đang mở rộng

expand capacity/coverage/production (The company expanded production)

🔸mở rộng công suất/độ bao phủ/sản xuất

expand the scope/range of something (They expanded the scope of research)

🔸mở rộng phạm vi/tầm ảnh hưởng của cái gì

expand rapidly/dramatically (The city expanded rapidly)

🔸mở rộng nhanh chóng/kịch liệt

flow into a place (The river flows into the sea)

🔸chảy vào một nơi

water/blood flows (Blood flows through veins)

🔸nước/máu chảy

a current flows (A strong current flows beneath the surface)

🔸dòng chảy chảy

flow freely (Ideas flowed freely in the meeting)

🔸chảy/diễn ra tự do

a steady/constant/free flow (There is a steady flow of traffic)

🔸dòng chảy ổn định/liên tục/tự do

estimate something at x (They estimated the cost at $5

000)

estimate cost/value/revenue (We estimated the revenue)

🔸ước tính chi phí/giá trị/doanh thu

an estimated percentage/amount (An estimated 20% of the population was affected)

🔸một tỷ lệ/số lượng ước tính

predict an event/outcome (Scientists predict an outcome)

🔸dự đoán sự kiện/kết quả

predict a fall/drop/decline/rise/recovery/upturn (Experts predict a rise in prices)

🔸dự đoán sự giảm/tăng/phục hồi/thay đổi

a forecaster/economist/analyst predicts something (The analyst predicted a decline)

🔸nhà dự báo/nhà kinh tế phân tích dự đoán điều gì

predict something accurately/confidently/correctly (They predicted the storm accurately)

🔸dự đoán chính xác/tự tin/đúng

impossible/difficult/possible to predict (It is difficult to predict earthquakes)

🔸không thể/khó/có thể dự đoán

state a fact/reason/preference (He stated a reason for leaving)

🔸trình bày một sự thật/lý do/sở thích

state clearly/explicitly/categorically/unequivocally (She stated clearly that she disagreed)

🔸phát biểu rõ ràng/minh bạch/dứt khoát

state repeatedly/incorrectly/publicly (He stated repeatedly his opinion)

🔸tuyên bố lặp lại/sai công khai

a letter/document/report/rule/article states something (The report states the results)

🔸thư/tài liệu/báo cáo/quy định/bài báo nêu rõ

reasonably/historically/scientifically/factually accurate (The data is scientifically accurate)

🔸chính xác một cách hợp lý/lịch sử/khoa học/thực tế

accurate information/figures (They provided accurate figures)

🔸thông tin/số liệu chính xác

an accurate description/measurement/diagnosis/prediction (He gave an accurate diagnosis)

🔸mô tả/đo lường/chẩn đoán/dự đoán chính xác

likely to become/remain/continue/happen/cause (It is likely to cause problems)

🔸có khả năng trở thành/tiếp tục/xảy ra/gây ra

be/seem/look/appear/become likely (It seems likely that he will win)

🔸dường như/có vẻ/có khả năng

more/most/very/highly/increasingly likely (It is highly likely to rain)

🔸rất/cực kỳ/càng ngày càng có khả năng

less/as/not/also/quite likely (It is not likely to succeed)

🔸ít/không/cũng/khá có khả năng

a likely target/explanation/outcome/candidate (He is the most likely candidate)

🔸mục tiêu/lời giải thích/kết quả/ứng viên có khả năng nhất

a current of something (A current of electricity runs through the wire)

🔸một dòng của cái gì đó

a current of air/electricity (A current of air blew through the room)

🔸dòng không khí/dòng điện

a strong/ocean current (A strong ocean current flows northwards)

🔸dòng hải lưu/dòng chảy mạnh

drought (The drought devastated the region)

🔸hạn hán

a prolonged/severe/devastating drought (A severe drought hit the area)

🔸hạn hán kéo dài/nghiêm trọng/tàn khốc

drought affects/hits/devastates somewhere (The drought hit Africa)

🔸hạn hán ảnh hưởng/tàn phá nơi nào

drought conditions (The crops failed due to drought conditions)

🔸điều kiện hạn hán

flood (The flood destroyed the village)

🔸lũ lụt

a bad/devastating/flash flood (A flash flood hit the town)

🔸trận lũ xấu/nghiêm trọng/lũ quét

a flood hits/sweeps somewhere (The flood swept the village)

🔸trận lũ đổ xuống/cuốn trôi nơi nào đó

an Antarctic/Alaskan glacier (An Antarctic glacier is melting)

🔸sông băng Nam Cực/Alaska

a glacier melts/retreats/moves (The glacier is retreating)

🔸sông băng tan chảy/thụt lùi/di chuyển

a devastating/deadly/major/powerful hurricane (A powerful hurricane hit the coast)

🔸bão mạnh/nghiêm trọng/chết người

withstand/predict a hurricane (They predicted the hurricane)

🔸dự đoán/đứng vững trước cơn bão

a hurricane hits/destroys/damages something (The hurricane damaged the city)

🔸bão đánh vào/phá hủy/gây thiệt hại

a powerful/deadly typhoon (A deadly typhoon swept the region)

🔸một cơn bão mạnh/chết người