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menstrual cycle
process during which an ovary releases a mature egg that travels to the uterus; if the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining is shed & a new cycle begins
blastocyst
a hollow, spherical structure made up of about 50-100 cells, formed when an embryo divides & grows
obstertrician
doctor who specializes in pregnancy & childbirth
preeclampsia
serious condition during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, swelling of the wrists & ankles, & high levels of protein in the urine
endocrine gland
gland that produces & releases chemical substances that signal changes in other parts of the body
hormone
chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland
hypothalamus
endocrine gland in the brain that is part of both the nervous & endocrine systems
pituitary gland
endocrine gland in the brain that controls many of the body's functions, including growth, reproduction, & metabolism
puberty
period of sexual development during which a person becomes sexually mature & physically able to reproduce
sperm
reproductive cells in males
fertilization
process of a sperm cell joining w/ an egg
testes
male reproductive glands
testosterone
sex hormone that affects the production of sperm & signals certain physical changes at puberty
scrotum
sac of skin that contains the testes
penis
external male sexual organ through which the sperm leaves the body
semen
mixture of sperm & fluids produced by the glands of the male reproductive system
ejaculation
ejection of semen from the penis
infertility
condition of being unable to reproduce
ova
reproductive cells in females
ovaries
female reproductive glands
estrogen
female sex hormones that signal certain physical changes at puberty & controls the maturation of eggs
progesterone
hormone that signals changes to a woman's reproductive system during the menstrual cycle & pregnancy
ovulation
process during which one of the ovaries releases a ripened egg
fallopian tubes
passage ways that carry eggs away from the ovaries
uterus
hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in which a fertilized egg develops & grows
vagina
hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the female body
menopause
time of life during which the ovaries slow down their hormone production & no longer release mature eggs
pap smear
medical procedure in which a sample of cells is taken from the cervix & examined under a microscope
mammogram
x-ray of the breast that may detect breast cancer
zygote
united eggs & sperm
embryo
stage of human development from the two-cell stage until about 9 weeks after fertilization
implantation
process in which the blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus
amniotic sac
a fluid-filled bag of thin tissue that develops around the embryo
placenta
structure that holds the embryo to the wall of the uterus
umbilical cord
the cord-like structure that connects the embryo & the placenta
fetus
stage of human development from the 3rd month after fertilization until birth
prenatal care
medical care received during pregnancy
trimester
1 of the 3 periods of time that divide a pregnancy. each of these are about 3 months long
ultrasound
high-frequency sound waves used to create an image of a developing fetus
chronic villus sampling
prenatal test in which a piece of the developing placenta is removed & tested for inherited disorders
amniocentesis
prenatal test in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed & tested for abnormalities
ectopic pregnancy
condition resulting from the implantation of the blastocyst in a location in the abdomen other than the uterus
miscarriage
death of am embryo or fetus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy
gestational diabetes
diabetes that develops during pregnancy
certified nurse-midwife
nurse who is trained to deliver babies
labor
work performed by a mother's body to push the fetus out at the end of a pregnancy
postpartum period
period of adjustment for parents & their newborn during the 6 weeks after birth
stillbirth
expulsion of a fetus that has died after the 20th week of pregnancy
cesarean section (c-section)
surgical method of birth
premature birth
delivery of a live baby before the 37th week of pregnancy
low birthweight
newborn weight of less than 5.5 lbs
multiple birth
delivery of more than one baby. ex: twins, triplets, etc.
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