genetics final

B) gene

The basic unit of heredity is the _________

A) individual

B) gene

C) macromolecule

D) trait

E) none of the answers are correct

E) Catabolic enzymes

If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy, which of the following molecules would be directly involved in the breakdown?

A) Lipids

B) Nucleotides

C) Anabolic enzymes

D) Chromosomes

E) Catabolic enzymes

D) 6

Assuming this piece of DNA was transcribed and translated from start to finish, how many amino acids would it encode: ATGCCACGGAAACCCGGC?

A) 18

B) 9

C) 3

D) 6

D) Enzymes

Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell?

A) Nucleic acids

B) Lipids

C) Carbohydrates

D) Enzymes

E) DNA

B) a protein controls the formation of the carbohydrate

The blood types of the ABO typing system are inheritable even though they result from different forms of a carbohydrate on the cell surface. The explanation for why this in an inheritable trait is _________

A) the carbohydrate is synthesized directly from the DNA

B) a protein controls the formation of the carbohydrate

C) this is an exception of DNA being the inheritable molecule

D) the carbohydrate is synthesized from the mRNA

D) The cell or organism could experience difficulty possibly leading to death.

What would be the anticipated result if a gene produced less RNA for an essential enzyme?

A) The cell or organism would die.

B) There would be no change in the cell or the organism.

C) The cell or organism would not be any different than one that did not carry the mutation.

D) The cell or organism could experience difficulty possibly leading to death.

C) There was a mutation in the gene for nesprin-2.

A type of muscular dystrophy called Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy can occur when the nesprin-2 protein contains the amino acid methionine at a certain location instead of the amino acid threonine.

Why does this change in amino acid placement likely occur?

A) The amino acids were sticky and the incorrect amino acid stuck to the completed protein.

B) The mRNA was correct but it was translated incorrectly.

C) There was a mutation in the gene for nesprin-2.

D) The gene was correct but was transcribed incorrectly.

D) It may drastically change a species over time.

Which of the following is correct regarding natural selection?

A) It is not based on competition for resources.

B) Beneficial traits are not passed on to the next generation.

C) It does not enable a species to become better adapted to its environment.

D) It may drastically change a species over time.

A) physiological

Cystic fibrosis occurs when there is a mutation in the gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The production of sweat, digestive fluids, and mucus depends on a functional CFTR protein. When people have mutations in both CFTR genes, secretions become thick and cystic fibrosis occurs. The traits encoded by the CFTR gene are _________blank traits.

A) physiological

B) morphological

C) behavioral

C) they evolved from a common ancestor

If two separate species have genes with nearly identical DNA sequences it most likely means that _________.

A) they are really the same species and not two different species

B) they share no real relationship

C) they evolved from a common ancestor

D) the proteins that one of the genes makes is non-functional

B) haploid

In humans, gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are _________

A) diploid

B) haploid

C) morphs

D) genetic mutations

C) alleles

Alternate versions of a specific gene are called _________

A) nucleotides

B) chromosomes

C) alleles

D) traits

C) Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following?

A) Morphological differences

B) Carbohydrate content of the cell

C) Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA

D) Translation

D) a new allele

A mutation in a codon will result in _________

A) a new carbohydrate

B) a new lipid

C) a new gene

D) a new allele

B) Transmission genetics

Which level of genetics began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the 19th century?

A) Molecular genetics

B) Transmission genetics

C) Population genetics

D) Mouse physiology is more closley related to humans.

Why would a mouse be more useful than a bacterium as a model organism?

A) Bacteria divide/replicate more slowly.

B) Bacterial genes are more closely related to human genes.

C) Mice have simpler genetics and inheritance patterns.

D) Mouse physiology is more closley related to humans.

B) Molecular

The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at what level of biological organization?

A) Organismal

B) Molecular

C) Cellular

D) Population

D) Discovery-based

Mendel is frequently credited with the discovery of transmission genetics and his major contribution relied on the breeding of peas to see what types and ratios of different offspring the plants could produce.

This is an example of what kind of experiment?

A) Hypothesis testing

B) Neither discovery-based nor hypothesis testing

C) A mixture of discovery-based and hypothesis testing

D) Discovery-based

C) trans-man

An individual that has the gender identity of a man and the assigned sex at birth which is not male is called a _________.

A) cis-man

B) nonbinary person

C) trans-man

B) abnormal

In genetics, an individual that has one or more uncommon characteristics is called _________

A) diseased

B) abnormal

C) wild-type

D) normal

A) the environment controlling the pigmentation of the fish

Fish from lakes that are stained with the plant pigment tannin are more darkly colored than fish from lakes that have less tannin. If the offspring from the fish from a lake with high tannin levels are raised in a low tannin lake they turn out to be lightly pigmented. This would most likely be an example of __________.

A) the environment controlling the pigmentation of the fish

B) the male fish only producing sperm that resulted in the lightly pigmented morph

C) the female fish only producing eggs with the lightly pigmented gene

D) the pigmentation only being controlled by genetic factors

B) Propose a hypothesis

A scientist observes two populations of birds that differ slightly in their morphology. In order to explain these observations, which strategy should the scientist employ as a first step?

A) Relate structure and function

B) Propose a hypothesis

C) Analyze data

D) Use statistics

B) transmission genetics

Which of the following level of genetics would use a genetic cross to determine patterns of inheritance?

A) molecular genetics

B) transmission genetics

C) population genetics

D) morphs

Three populations of a type of animal, each with drastically different external markings, but still members of the same species, would be called _______.

A) mutants

B) alleles

C) communities

D) morphs

E) homologs

B) homologs

In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be _________.

A) physiological traits

B) homologs

C) alleles

D) haploid

E) morphs

B) population genetics

The level of study of genetics where the prevalence of a trait in a species is investigated is known as _____ .

A) molecular genetics

B) population genetics

C) organismal genetics

D) cellular genetics

C) transcription

RNA is formed by the process of _____________.

A) both transcription and translation

B) translation

C) transcription

D) Replication

D) allele

A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______.

A) species

B) morph

C) genome

D) allele

E) proteome

D) All of the answers are correct

Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies?

A) It has the ability to self-fertilize

B) It was easy to cross-fertilize one plant with another

C) It has easily identifiable traits

D) All of the answers are correct

D) Hippocrates

The theory of pangenesis was first proposed by _________

A) Aristotle

B) Galen

C) Mendel

D) Hippocrates

E) None of the answers are correct

D) homozygous

An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be _________

A) heterozygous

B) a variant

C) isozygous

D) homozygous

B) genotype

The genetic composition of an individual is called its _________.

A) phenotype

B) genotype

C) hybrid

D) dominance

E) None of these choices are correct

B) The ratios of the offspring in the S - x S - matings are due to some S - parents being homozygotic and some being heterozygotic.

The results of a study of a population is presented in the following table. The "-" indicates that the other allele is unknown.

Which of the conclusions listed below is correct?

A) If the S- offspring of the S - x S - matings were mated to the S - offspring from the S - x ss matings there would be no ss offspring; all would be S -.

B) The ratios of the offspring in the S - x S - matings are due to some S - parents being homozygotic and some being heterozygotic.

C) All of the S - offspring from the S - x S - matings are homozygotic.

D) The ratios of the offspring in the S- x S - matings conform to the expected ratio for a single-gene cross.

A) Law of segregation

Mendel's work with single-factor crosses resulted in the development of which of the following?

A) Law of segregation

B) Law of independent assortment

C) Theory of natural selection

D) Law of biological evolution

E) All of these choices are correct

D) Parent 1: Heterozygous for seed shape and pod color

Parent 2: Homozygous seed shape and heterozygous for pod color

If the progeny of a mating of pea plants have the following ratios 1342 smooth seed/green pod, 447 wrinkled seed/yellow pod, 429 smooth seed/ yellow pod, 1361 wrinkled seed/green pod what are the genotypes of the parents?

A) Parent 1: Homozygous for seed shape and pod color

Parent 2: Heterozygous for seed shape and homozygous for pod color

B) Both parents are heterozygous for seed shape and pod color

C) Parent 1: Heterozygous for both seed shape and pod color

Parent 2: Homozygous for both seed shape and pod color

D) Parent 1: Heterozygous for seed shape and pod color

Parent 2: Homozygous seed shape and heterozygous for pod color

C) 1/16

Suppose that we are dealing with four genes, each gene consisting of a dominant allele (capital letter) and a recessive allele (small case letter).

If the cross CcMmLlPP X CCmmLlpp is made, what is the probability of obtaining an individual who is CcmmLLPp?

A) 1/8

B) 1/4

C) 1/16

D) 1/32

E) 1/2

A) Law of independent assortment

Mendel's work with two-factor (dihybrid) crosses led directly to which of the following?

A) Law of independent assortment

B) Theory of biological evolution

C) Chromosomal theory of inheritance

D) Law of segregation

E) Particulate theory of inheritance

D) linked

The Law of Independent Assortment does not always apply to genes that are _________

A) dominant

B) loss-of-function

C) recessive

D) linked

B) 1/4

Will and Makayla are both healthy, but they both carry alleles for two autosomal recessive conditions, albinism (chromosome 11) and phenylketonuria (PKU; chromosome 12). They are expecting a child.

What is the probability that the child will have albinism but not phenylketonuria?

A) 3/4

B) 1/4

C) 3/16

D) 1/16

A) All offspring will have red eyes.

Eosin, white, and red (wild type) are all alleles of the same gene white (w), located on the X chromosome, where red is dominant to white. Eosin is a pale orange color. The expression of the eosin allele depends on the number of copies present. Females homozygous for the eosin allele have eosin eyes. Females heterozygous for the eosin and white alleles have light-eosin eyes. Females heterozygous for the red and eosin alleles have red eyes. Males that have a single copy of the eosin allele have eosin eyes.

If an eosin-eyed male Drosophila is crossed to a homozygous red-eyed female, what will be the phenotype of their offspring?

A) All offspring will have red eyes.

B) All males will have light-eosin eyes and all females will have eosin eye

C) All females will have red eyes, all males will have light-eosin eyes.

D) All flies will have white eyes.

A) An equal number of TP and Tp gametes

You are studying a new species of plant similar to Mendel's pea plants. You are specifically interested in two genes that are located on two different chromosomes. In this plant, the gene for height has two alleles, T (tall) and t (short). The gene for leaf color has two alleles P (purple) and p (pink).

What meiotic products do you expect from diploid cells that are homozyous for the tall allele and heterozygous for the leaf color alleles?

A) An equal number of TP and Tp gametes

B) 2 TP gametes for every 1 Tp gamete

C) An equal number of Tp, tP, tp, and TP gametes

D) An equal number of TP and tp gametes

C) Pedigree analysis

In humans, patterns of inheritance are often studied using which of the following?

A) Loss-of-function alleles

B) Production of true-breeding lines

C) Pedigree analysis

D) Self-fertilization

E) None of these choices are correct

A) aa and Aa

If this pedigree shows a dominant disorder caused by the dominant A allele, what are the genotypes of the parents in this pedigree?

A) aa and Aa

B) Aa and Aa

C) aa and AA

D) aa and aa

A) 25%

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CF gene, and there are several different mutations that are known to result in CF disease. The CF mutations behave as recessive alleles to the WT CF allele.

If two carriers that have different mutations in their CF genes have children what is the probability that one of their children will have CF disease?

A) 25%

B) 50%

C) 75%

D) 100%

D) 1/4

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects lung function in humans.

If a couple, who are both unaffected, have an affected child, what is the probability their next child will be an affected female?

A) 1/2

B) 1/8

C) 1/16

D) 1/4

A) less than 0.05

In the biological sciences, the null hypothesis is usually rejected if the P-value is _________

A) less than 0.05

B) less than 0.30

C) less than 1

D) greater than 1

E) less than 0.9

D) Chi-square = 12.7; reject

In tomatoes, yellow flowers (Y) are dominant to white flowers (y) and round fruit (R) is dominant to oblong fruit (r). You cross a heterozygous yellow round plant with a plant with white flowers and oblong fruit. You get the following progeny:

238 yellow round210 yellow oblong270 white round282 white oblong

Formulate a null hypothesis and performing a chi-square analysis on it, what chi-square number would you obtain? Based upon this number, would you reject or accept your null hypothesis? Use the table listed below.

A) Chi-square = 12.7; accept

B) Chi-square = 987; reject

C) Chi-square = 987; accept

D) Chi-square = 12.7; reject

A) dominant

A true breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green color is _____ to the yellow color.

A) dominant

B) recessive

C) blended

D) subservient

E) None of these choices are correct

C) 3:1

When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 9:3:3:1

B) 1:2:1

C) 3:1

D) 7:4

E) Varied depending on the trait

C) phenotype

The observable characteristics of an organism are called its ___________.

A) genotype

B) dominance

C) phenotype

D) genes

E) None of these choices are correct

D) heterozygous

An individual who has two different alleles for a trait is called ____________.

A) true-breeding

B) homozygous

C) isozygous

D) heterozygous

E) haploid

B) haploid gametes

In a Punnett square diagram, the outside of the box represents the _________.

A) haploid offspring

B) haploid gametes

C) diploid offspring

D) diploid gametes

D) 9:3:3:1

In a dihybrid cross using Mendelian inheritance, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 3:1

B) 1:2:1

C) 1:1

D) 9:3:3:1

B) monohybrid cross

A cross in which a researcher investigates the patterns of inheritance of a single trait is called a __________.

A) self-fertilization

B) monohybrid cross

C) cross-fertilization

D) two-factor cross

E) dihybrid cross

D) Loss-of-function

An allele that produces an inactive enzyme would be classified as what kind of allele?

A) These do not occur and therefore there is no classification for them.

B) Gain-of-function

C) Dominant

D) Loss-of-function

D) both parents are heterozygotic

If an individual that phenotypically has dominant traits is mated to another individual that also has dominant traits and the progeny have both dominant and recessive traits it indicates that __________.

A) one parent is heterozygotic and one is homozygotic

B) both parents are homozygotic

C) no conclusions can be made about the genotypes of the parents

D) both parents are heterozygotic

B) 25%

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CF gene, and there are several different mutations that are known to result in CF disease. The CF mutations behave as recessive alleles to the WT CF allele. If two carriers that have different mutations in their CF genes have children what is the probability that one of their children will have CF disease?

A) 75%

B) 25%

C) 50%

D) 100%

C) membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells

Organelles are _________blank.

A) structures that contain the genetic material

B) the region that contains the DNA in prokaryotic cells.

C) membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells

D) the outer, rigid covering of a prokaryotic cell.

B) Sister chromatids

Which of the following would contain genetic material that is 100% identical?

A) Homologous chromosomes

B) Sister chromatids

C) X and Y chromosomes

D) All of these choices are correct - all answers are identical.

D) locus

The location of a gene on a chromosome is called its _________

A) allele

B) homolog

C) karyotype

D) locus

C) 56

You are studying a diploid organism that has 14 pairs of chromosomes.

How many chromatids would this cell have in G2 phase?

A) 28

B) 112

C) 56

D) 7

E) 14

F) 112

G) 56

C) binary fission ; mitosis

Cell division in prokaryotic cells is called _________blank, while in eukaryotic cells it is called _________blank.

A) meiosis ; mitosis

B) binary fission ; binary fission

C) binary fission ; mitosis

D) mitosis ; binary fission

E) The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.

Which of the following events would be the next to occur upon conclusion of prometaphase?

A) The microtubules of the spindle fiber attach to the kinetochore.

B) Sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell.

C) The nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes.

D) Separated sister chromatids are considered independent chromosomes.

E) The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.

B) The microtubules of the spindle fiber attach to the kinetochore.

Of just the following events listed, which would occur first during mitosis?

A) The nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes.

B) The microtubules of the spindle fiber attach to the kinetochore.

C) The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.

D) Separated sister chromatids are considered independent chromosomes.

E) Sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell.

A) Metaphase

Vincristine is a cancer chemotherapy drug that binds to tubulin dimers, thereby inhibiting assembly of microtubules.

Where do you predict that vincristine stops the cell cycle?

A) Metaphase

B) Telophase

C) Prophase

D) S phase

D) animal cell

You are studying a type of cell that you don't know much about. You want to determine what organism the cell comes from. You decide to watch cell division in this cell using the appropriate cell biology tools. After some experimentation, you determine that cytokinesis in this cell is sensitive to myosin inhibitors. You are likely studying a/an _________.

A) bacterial cell

B) plant cell

C) cell type that has not been previously studied

D) animal cell

C) 22; 44

A diploid cell has 44 chromosomes.

After meiosis I, how many chromosomes does a resulting cell contain? How many chromatids?

A) 44; 44

B) 44; 22

C) 22; 44

D) 22; 22

C) The replicated chromosomes condense.

What occurs first during prophase I?

A) The homologous chromosomes recognize one another by synapsis.

B) Crossing over occurs.

C) The replicated chromosomes condense.

D) The synaptonemal complex dissociates.

E) None of the answers are correct.

A) 28

You are studying a diploid organism that has 14 pairs of chromosomes.

How many chromatids will a cell from this organism have in metaphase of meiosis II?

A) 28

B) 14

C) 7

D) 56

E) 112

A) 25

If an organism has five pairs of chromosomes, how many chromosomal combinations are possible at metaphase I of meiosis?

A) 25

B) 100,000

C) 9,765,625

D) 32

E) 1024

A) 14

You are studying a diploid organism that has 14 pairs of chromosomes.

How many chromatids will a gamete from this organism have?

A) 14

B) 56

C) 7

D) 112

E) 28

B) meiosis

In plants, spores are produced by the process of _________

A) oogenesis

B) meiosis

C) mitosis

D) spermatogenesis

E) binary fission

A) heterogamous

If the gametes of an organism are different morphologically, they are said to be _________blank.

A) heterogamous

B) isogamous

C) haploid

D) diploid

D) 20 chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids

What is the arrangement of chromosomes in an oocyte in a female mammal at birth if the species has a diploid number of 20?

Hint: Recall which phase of the cell cycle oocytes are arrested at in a female animal prior to birth.

A) 20 unduplicated chromosomes

B) 10 unduplicated chromosomes

C) 10 chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids

D) 20 chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids

A) meiosis ; egg cells

Oogenesis is a gametogenic process involving _________blank that produces _________blank.

A) meiosis ; egg cells

B) mitosis ; sperm cells

C) mitosis ; egg cells

D) binary fission ; sperm cells

E) meiosis ; sperm cells

C) alligators

In a species of turtles you are studying, you find that when eggs are incubated at a low temperature, the hatched turtle will be male. Eggs incubated at a high-temperature yield females, and intermediate temperatures lead to both male and female offpsring. This mode of sex determination is most similar to that in _________

A) birds

B) bees

C) alligators

D) insects

C) nonessential genes

Genes that are not required for survival, but are likely to be beneficial to the organism, are called _________.

A) semilethal alleles

B) conditional lethal alleles

C) nonessential genes

D) lethal alleles

E) essential genes

B) incomplete dominance

A heterozygote possesses a phenotype that is intermediate between the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive phenotypes. This is most likely an example of ________.

A) sex-nfluenced inheritance

B) incomplete dominance

C) lethal alleles

D) gene dosage

D) ½ pink, ½ white

In four-o'clock plants, red flower color is dominant to white flower color. However, heterozygous plants have a pink color. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their offspring?

A) ½ red, ½ pink

B) All pink

C) All white

D) ½ pink, ½ white

E) ¼ red, ½ pink, ¼ white

D) codominance

In human blood groups, the fact that an individual can have an AB blood type is an example of ___________.

temperature-sensitive conditional allele

A) sex-influenced trait

B) incomplete penetrance

C) incomplete dominance

D) codominance

A) All blood types are possible

An individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood mate and have offspring (the exact genotype of the parents is not known). What blood type is not possible in their offspring?

A) All blood types are possible

B) Type AB blood

C) Type B blood

D) Type A blood

E) Type O blood

D) overdominance

For a certain trait, a heterozygous individual has a selective advantage as compared to a homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive individual. This is called ________.

A) codominance

B) incomplete dominance

C) multiple allele system

D) overdominance

E) incomplete penetrance

E) incomplete penetrance

An individual carries the allele for polydactyly, a dominant trait, but is phenotypically normal. This is an example of __________.

A) codominance

B) gene dosage

C) simple Mendelian inheritance

D) incomplete dominance

E) incomplete penetrance

B) Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait.

If a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, what would they mean?

A) Individuals with the trait show variation in expression.

B) Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait.

C) It is lethal in 30% of the individuals who have the trait.

D) The trait is present in 70% of the population.

A) sex-influenced inheritance

If an autosomal allele is dominant in one sex and recessive in another, it is an example of ___________.

A) sex-influenced inheritance

B) simple Mendelian inheritance

C) incomplete dominance

D) sex-limited inheritance

D) All of the females would be non-bald, ½ of the males would be bald

A woman who is heterozygous for an allele that results in X-linked pattern baldness marries a man who is non-bald. Which of the following would be true of their offspring?

A) All would be bald

B) All would be non-bald

C) All of the females would be non-bald, all males would be bald

D) All of the females would be non-bald, ½ of the males would be bald

E) ½ of females would be bald, and ½ of the males would be bald

E) pleiotropy

The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism is called _______.

A) penetrance

B) overdominance

C) expressivity

D) epistasis

E) pleiotropy

E) wild-type

A ______ allele is the most prevalent allele in a population and usually encodes a protein that is made in the proper amount and functions normally.

A) lethal

B) loss-of-function

C) mutant

D) gain-of-function

E) wild-type

E) 1/3

Achondroplasia is a type of dwarfism caused by the presence of a dominant allele (A).However, the presence of two dominant alleles is lethal. What is the probability that two individuals with achondroplasia have a non-dwarf child?

A) 2/3

B) 1/2

C) 1/4

D) 3/4

E) 1/3

C) it cannot be determined

What is the genotype of the male parent for a snail that has the genotype Dd and has a left-hand twist shell?

A) dd

B) DD

C) it cannot be determined

D) Dd

A) Nurse cells ?

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the maternal effect as seen in snail shell coiling?

A) Nurse cells

B) Placenta

C) Sperm cells

D) Oocytes

D) dd ?

What would be the genotype of the female parent of a female snail that has a Dd genotype and a shell with a left-hand twist?

A) Cannot tell since the shell twist phenotype of any offspring depends on the genotype of the male parent as well as the female parent.

B) DD

C) Dd

D) dd

B) X-inactivation

The coat color of calico cats is a result of _________

A) extranuclear inheritance

B) X-inactivation

C) maternal inheritance

D) imprinting

B) X-inactivation

The Lyon hypothesis attempts to explain the molecular mechanism of _________

A) maternal inheritance

B) X-inactivation

C) extranuclear inheritance

D) genomic imprinting

B) 1

How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) None

B) Some cells will express enough alpha-galactosidase A and some cells will not express enough alpha-galactosidase A.

A female has Fabry disease, which is an X-linked recessive disorder. It is caused by mutations in the gene for alpha-galactosidase A that result in not enough of the enzyme being made.

What is true about individual cells in this female's body?

A) All cells will express sufficient alpha-galactosidase A.

B) Some cells will express enough alpha-galactosidase A and some cells will not express enough alpha-galactosidase A.

C) None of the cells will express sufficient alpha-galactosidase A.

D) The amount of alpha-galactosidase A in each cell will depend on the pattern of X-inactivation.

B) genotype; phenotype

In maternal effect, the _________blank of the female parent determines the _________blank of the offspring.

A) phenotype; genotype

B) genotype; phenotype

C) rRNA; tRNA

D) imprinting; genotype

C) Rr female x Rr male

R and r represent dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, for a gene that is imprinted. Imprinting of the allele occurs in the male and the allele is silenced when it is imprinted.

Which mating would result in a ratio of 1:1 of dominant and recessive phenotypes in the offspring?

A)RR female x rr male

B) rr female x RR male

C) Rr female x Rr male

D) rr female x Rr male

???C) 50%

INS is the human gene that encodes insulin. This gene is imprinted such that the paternal allele is expressed. Rare cases of diabetes are caused by autosomal dominant INS-gene mutations. A male that has diabetes due to an autosomal dominant INS mutation has children with a genotypically normal female.

What percentage of their children will have diabetes due to an autosomal dominant INS mutation?

A) 100%

B) There is not enough information to answer this question without knowing the male's genotype.

C) 50%

D) 0%

C) Her male parent likely had an autosomal dominant INS mutation that wasn't expressed because it was inherited from his female parent.

INS is the human gene that encodes insulin. This gene is imprinted such that the paternal allele is expressed. Rare cases of diabetes are caused by autosomal dominant INS-gene mutations. A young female is diagnosed with diabetes caused by an autosomal dominant INS-gene mutation. However, neither of her parents have diabetes. Curiously, the doctors still think she inherited this allele from her parents.

How can this be?

A) Her female parent likely had an autosomal dominant INS mutation that wasn't expressed because it was inherited from her male parent.

B) Her female parent likely had an autosomal dominant INS mutation that wasn't expressed because it was inherited from her female parent.

C) Her male parent likely had an autosomal dominant INS mutation that wasn't expressed because it was inherited from his female parent.

D) Her male parent likely had an autosomal dominant INS mutation that wasn't expressed because it was inherited from his male parent.