Grade 10 History Exam

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Great Depression

A time of utter economic disaster; started in the United States in 1929.

Multiculturalism

A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

The White Paper

In Britain and elsewhere, a government statement that outlines proposed legislation; the last stage before the submission of a formal bill.

Final Solution / Holocaust

was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of its systematic genocide against European Jewry during World War II, resulting in the final, most deadly phase of the Holocaust

Crown Corporations

Businesses and industries owned by the Canadian government.

drafted

required to join the military

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.

UN Declaration of Human Rights

a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly and represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled

War Measures Act

an Act that gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges

middle powers

Countries with significant economic influence that became increasingly assertive regional leaders after the Cold War.

Iron Curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Events

-The Treaty of Versailles

The treaty's so-called "war guilt" clause forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I. This meant a loss of territories, reduction in military forces, and reparation payments to Allied powers.

-Ypres, 1915

First use of chlorine gas (by Germans)

-The Somme, 1916

During this battle of the First World War, Allied forces attempted to take entrenched German positions from July to mid-November of 1916. Neither side was able to make any real gains despite massive casualties: 500,000 Germans, 400,000 British, and 200,000 French.

-Passchendaele, 1918

The Third Battle of Ypres also known as the Battle of Passchendaele was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.

-The King/Byng Affair (Constitutional Crisis)

-Winnipeg General Strike

In May 1919, workers at 3 big metal factories in Winnipeg went on strike for better wages. In a just a few days, 30,000 Winnipeg workers had walked out, and strikes took place across across Canada. The Mayor had banned all parades and arrested the strike organizers. The strikers protested the arrest of their leaders.

-Vimy Ridge, 1917

A successful battle of World War One where all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time. A proud moment for Canada and a source of nationalism

-Imperial Conferences

Held in 1921/23/26/30/37. An effort to maintain a pretence of unity. They were held in London at increasingly irregular intervals

-The Hundred Days, 1917

he Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War.

-Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Bosnia-Herzegovina, which triggered the Austro-Hungarians to pledge war against Serbia, which then initiated World War I.

-The Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

-On-to-Ottawa Trek

In 1935, hundreds of single unemployed men hopped freight trains for Ottawa demanding work, wages and an end to government relief camps. The trek was stopped in Regina.

-Battle of Britain

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

-The Raid on Dieppe

The first battle, on the European continent, in which Canadian troops participated. Although it was a disaster, with a large loss of life and many soldiers captured, it did help the Allies to become better prepared for a successful landing on D Day.

-D-Day Invasion

Allied troops landed at Normandy Beach to start liberating France from German control

-VE Day

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

-Japanese Internment

Japanese and Japanese Americans were placed in camps beginning in 1942; upheld by Korematsu v. US

-The Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

-Pearl Harbour

Naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japanese aircraft on December 7, 1941. The sinking of much of the U.S. Pacific Fleet brought the United States into World War II. (p. 793)

-Battle of Hong Kong

Japan's attack on the British colony of Hong Kong in which there were heavy Canadian losses

-Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

-The Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

-The Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

-The Suez Crisis

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

-Newfoundland Joins Canada

happened to Newfoundland in 1949, after citizens had voted in a series of referendums in '48

-Revising the Indian Act

-Progression of women's rights(50s-70s)

-Trans-Canada Highway

4,860 miles long. Links the East and the West.

-Trans-Canada Pipeline

natural gas pipeline to carry gas east from Alberta all the way to Quebec; completed in 1958

-Uranium Mining

Land and water degradation due to soil erosion and compaction. Habitat fragmentation.

-The Vietnam War

A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States.

-The Quiet Revolution

A period of intense social, political, and economic change in Quebec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966, Quebecois began to assert their rights and affirm and promote their language and culture.

-The Royal Commission on the Status of Women

An extremely important commission that with the release of its report in 1970 ushered in a new era in gender relations in Canada.

-The October Crisis

On October 5 1970 members of the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross in Montreal, 'and demanded the release of jailed FLQ members. The demand was refused, and on October 10 the Quebec Labour Minister, Pierre Laporte, was also kidnapped. Prime Minister, Pierre Trudeau then invoked the War Measures' Act on the basis of apprehended insurrection. Under the first peacetime use of the Act, several hundred Quebecers were arrested and jailed without any charges being laid. On October 16, the Canadian Army was ordered to patrol the streets of Montreal and Ottawa, and on the 1 7th, Pierre Laporte's body was discovered. Several weeks later, the kidnappers of Cross were discovered. He was released in exchange for the kidnappers being given safe passage to Cuba. Most people who had been arrested under the War Measures' Act were released.

-The War Measures Act

an Act that gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges

-The Canada Act

(1982) This document became Canada's new patriated constitution. Included most provisions of the BNA Act, a Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and an amending formula. It was agreed by the federal government and nine of the ten provinces. Quebec refused to agree.

-Charlottetown Accord

An agreement on constitutional change made between the provinces and the federal government in 1990.

1980 and 1995 -Quebec Sovereignty Referendum

-The Oka Crisis

Standoff between Canada and the Mohawk of the Akwasasne reserve- 1990 when town wanted to build a golf course on sacred burial grounds.

-The Truth and Reconciliation Commission

a court-like body assembled in South Africa after the abolition of apartheid, where witnesses who were identified as victims of gross human rights violations were invited to give statements about their experiences

-Idle No More

-Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

-Colony

-Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

-Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

-Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

-Victory Bonds

bonds issued by the Canadian government to support the war effort

-War Measures Act

gave the government sweeping powers to ensure "the security, defence, peace, order, and welfare of Canada"

-Conscription

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

-Pandemic

worldwide epidemic

-Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

-Unions

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

-Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews

-Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.

-Aryan

Germanic people seen as the master race

-Ceasefire

an agreement to stop fighting, indefinitely or for a set amount of time

-Concentration Camp

a camp where prisoners of war, political prisoners, or members of minority groups are confined, typically under harsh conditions

-Crown Corporations

Businesses and industries owned by the Canadian government.

-Drafted

select (a person or group of people) for a certain purpose.

-Fascism

an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

-Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

-Genocide

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

-Great Depression

A time of utter economic disaster; started in the United States in 1929.

-Inflation

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

-Internment

Temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group

-Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

-Manifesto

a public statement explaining the intentions, motives, or views of an individual or group

-Middle Power

states which arent superpowers, or great powers, but still possess some influence internationally

-Recession

period of reduced economic activity

-Social Dividend

A payment to all citizens based on the wealth or economic health of the country.

-Stock Market

-Weapon of Mass Destruction (WMD)

a weapon that can kill or harm large numbers of people as well as destroy or damage a large physical area

-Social Welfare

programs to help certain groups of people

-Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution

-Social Safety Net

any form of government assistance for those with financial needs

-Capital Punishment

the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime.

-Separatism

A movement to win political, religious or ethnic independence from another group

-Civil Rights Movement

a social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair laws. They gave speeches, marched in the streets, and participated in boycotts.

-Multiculturalism

a condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

-The White Paper

In Britain and elsewhere, a government statement that outlines proposed legislation; the last stage before the submission of a formal bill.

-Portfolio for the Status of Women in Cabinet

-The Official Languages Act

-Self-Governance

-The Persian Gulf War

War in 1991 when the US came to Kuwait's rescue after Iraq invaded in 1990