Plant Body + Development

2 celled stage

establishes polarity of plant (micropylar and chalazal poles)

Chalazal Pole

contains apical cell, develops into embryo

Micropylar Pole

contains basal cell (that produces stalk like suspensor)

3-celled stage

further establish poles

Globular stage

tissue differentiation into protoderm, ground meristem, procambium; suspensor is 2 cells, initiation of protoderm

Heart stage

development of cotyledons

Torpedo stage

development of root/shoot axis; suspensors die

Mature embryo

two cotyledons obvious, developed hypocotyl-root axis

Plumule

embryo shoot; first foliage leaves

Epicotyl

region of stem above cotyledons and below plumule

Hilum

scar in seed coat where funiculus was attached to seed

Micropylar scar

small opening in seed coat where micropyle was

Coleoptile

Covers and protects the shoot as it grows upward (monocots)

Coleorhiza

protective covering over root (monocots)

Scutellum

single cotyledon of monocot

Radicle

embryonic root

Stratification

seed subjected to periods of cold/heat to break dormancy

Scarification

breaking or softening a seed coat to allow absorption of moisture

Imbibition

Absorption of water, activating enzymes