D413 - Telecomm and Wireless Communications

802.3

Ethernet standards

802.11

Wi-Fi Standards

802.1X

Port-based Network Access Control (PNAC) standard.

802.1D

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Standard

802.1Q

Protocol for VLAN tagging within networks.

802.1p

Quality of Service (QoS) standard.

802.3af / 802.3at

Standards for Power over Ethernet (PoE / PoE+).

802.3ad

Link Aggregation (LAG) standard

802.15

Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) standard

802.16

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) standard

Cat 5

100 Mbps

100 meters

100 MHz

Cat 5e

1 Gbps

100 meters

100 MHz

Cat 6

1 Gbps

100 meters

250 MHz

Cat 6a

10 Gbps

100 meters

500 MHz

Cat 7

10 Gbps

100 meters

600 MHz

Cat 7a

10 Gbps

100 meters

1000 MHz

Cat 8

40 Gbps

30 meters

2000 MHz

FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Analog multiplexing technique dividing bandwidth into frequency bands.

TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)

Digital multiplexing technique allocating time slots for each channel.

STDM (Synchronous TDM)

TDM with fixed time slots synchronized to a clock.

ATDM (Asynchronous TDM)

TDM with flexible time slots for varying data rates.

WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

Optical multiplexing using different light wavelengths for channels.

DWDM (Dense WDM)

Enhanced WDM that packs channels more closely for higher capacity.

CDM (Code Division Multiplexing)

Digital multiplexing technique that spreads signals using unique codes.

ISO/IEC 7498-1

OSI Model standard

ISO/IEC 11801

Standard for generic cabling for premises

ISO/IEC 8802

Ethernet Standards including 802.3

ISO/IEC 27001/27002

ISMS standards for security controls.

ISO/IEC 27017

Standard for cloud security.

ISO/IEC 7816

Specifications for smart cards.

802.11a

5 GHz

54 Mbps

20 MHz Channels

802.11b

2.4 GHz

11 Mbps

20 MHz Channel

802.11g

2.4 GHz

54 Mbps

20 MHz Channels

802.11n

2.4 GHz & 5 GHz

600 Mbps

4 SU-MIMO

20, 40, 80 MHz channels

802.11ac

5 GHz

1.3 Gbps

8 DL MU-MIMO

20, 40, 80+80, 160 MHz

802.11ax

2.4 GHz & 5 GHz

9.6 Gbps

8 DL/UL MU-MIMO

20, 40, 80+80, 160 MHz

Satellite Modem

Provides internet access in remote areas without landline or cable infrastructure. High latency, weather susceptibility, limited bandwidth, expensive service.

CSU/DSU

Facilitates high-speed WAN connectivity for LANs. Requires additional equipment, typically used for leased lines, limited flexibility.

Cable Modem

Offers high-speed internet access over existing cable TV lines. Shared bandwidth, speed degradation during peak times, occasional service outages.

DSL Modem

Provides high-speed internet access over traditional phone lines. Speed and reliability depend on distance from provider, signal quality may degrade over copper.

56k Modem

Offers basic internet access via dial-up phone lines. Slow speeds, ties up phone line during use, obsolete technology.

ISDN Modem

Provides digital voice and data transmission over phone lines. Limited availability, higher costs compared to DSL, speed limitations.

WiMAX Modem

Provides wireless broadband over long distances. Limited coverage area, signal interference, susceptibility to weather conditions.

Cellular Modem

Offers wireless internet access using cellular networks and data plans. Limited coverage in rural areas, data caps and throttling, potential for network congestion.

100Base-FX

MM Laser

400 meters (half duplex)

2k (full duplex)

100Base-SX

MM LED

300 meter

1000BASE-SX

MM Laser

550 meters

Short wavelength

1000BASE-LX

MM/SM Laser

550m/5k

Long Wavelength

10GBase-SR

MM (Short range)

26-400meters

10GBase-LR

SM (Long Range)

10 kilometers

802.19

Standard for coexistence of multiple wireless networks

802.8

Fiber optic standard for broadband networks

802.2

Logical link control standard for data communication

802.4

Standard for industrial automation networks

802.11

Wireless LAN standard for local networks

ISO 1801

Standard for energy-efficient communication networks

ISE 2017

International Symposium on Electronics

ISE 2018

Conference on Information Systems Engineering

CRC vs Parity Bit

Error detection methods in data transmission

Checksum

Error-checking method to ensure data integrity

IDSN BPS max and average

Metrics for maximum and average data transfer rates in ISDN