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diverse places eq1
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population growth
the increase in the number of individuals in a population over a specific period, calculated by adding net migration to the natural increase (births minus deaths).
population density
the measurement of the number of people in a given area, usually expressed as the number of people per square kilometre. It is calculated by dividing the total population of an area by its total land area.
birth rate
the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year.
mortality rate
the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population over a specific period, typically one year.
fertility rate
the average number of live births a woman is expected to have in her lifetime.
inequality
the unevenness of resources, power, and access to opportunity, resulting in differing standards of living between people and places.
economic growth
the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy, typically measured by the annual percentage change in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
rural
a geographical region located outside of towns and cities, typically characterized by lower population density, open spaces, and lower levels of development compared to urban areas.
urban
towns and cities characterised by a high population density, built-up infrastructure, and a concentration of human activity, contrasting with rural areas.
infrastructure
the basic physical and organisational structures and facilities needed for a society to function.
demographic change
the transformation of human populations over time, involving shifts in size, age structure, and other characteristics, driven by factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration.
age structure
the distribution of a population across different age groups, which is often illustrated using a population pyramid.
population pyramid
a graphical tool that shows the age and gender structure of a population, with age groups on the vertical axis and the number of males and females represented by horizontal bars on either side.
life expectancy
the average number of years a person can expect to live in a given population, based on current death rates.
international migration
the movement of people from one country or political state to another, with the intention of staying for a minimum of one year.
internal migration
the movement of people within their own country from one region to another.
social clustering
the tendency for people with similar backgrounds to live in the same area, often driven by factors like economic necessity, cultural ties, and a sense of community.
diversity
the variation within a population in terms of characteristics, backgrounds, and behaviors.
ethnicity
the shared cultural heritage of a social group, encompassing elements like language, religion, ancestry, nationality, and shared history.
gender
the socially constructed roles, behaviours, and identities associated with being male or female, distinct from biological sex.
globalisation
the process of the world becoming increasingly interconnected through the increased flow of people, capital, goods, services, information, and culture across national borders.
urbanisation
the increase in the proportion of a population that lives in urban areas, such as towns and cities, rather than rural areas.
TNC
a large company that operates in more than one country, with a headquarters in one country and production or services in foreign countries.
cultural change
the influence of cultural capital on individual and community behavior.
identity
the feelings, perceptions, shared beliefs, and ways of life that shape a person's, community's, or place's sense of self and belonging.