human geography eq1

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diverse places eq1

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25 Terms

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population growth

the increase in the number of individuals in a population over a specific period, calculated by adding net migration to the natural increase (births minus deaths).

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population density

the measurement of the number of people in a given area, usually expressed as the number of people per square kilometre. It is calculated by dividing the total population of an area by its total land area.

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birth rate

the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year.

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mortality rate 

the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population over a specific period, typically one year.

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fertility rate

the average number of live births a woman is expected to have in her lifetime.

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inequality

the unevenness of resources, power, and access to opportunity, resulting in differing standards of living between people and places.

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economic growth

the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy, typically measured by the annual percentage change in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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rural

a geographical region located outside of towns and cities, typically characterized by lower population density, open spaces, and lower levels of development compared to urban areas.

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urban

towns and cities characterised by a high population density, built-up infrastructure, and a concentration of human activity, contrasting with rural areas.

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infrastructure

the basic physical and organisational structures and facilities needed for a society to function.

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demographic change

the transformation of human populations over time, involving shifts in size, age structure, and other characteristics, driven by factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration.

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age structure

the distribution of a population across different age groups, which is often illustrated using a population pyramid.

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population pyramid

a graphical tool that shows the age and gender structure of a population, with age groups on the vertical axis and the number of males and females represented by horizontal bars on either side.

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life expectancy

the average number of years a person can expect to live in a given population, based on current death rates.

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international migration

the movement of people from one country or political state to another, with the intention of staying for a minimum of one year.

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internal migration 

the movement of people within their own country from one region to another.

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social clustering

the tendency for people with similar backgrounds to live in the same area, often driven by factors like economic necessity, cultural ties, and a sense of community.

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diversity

the variation within a population in terms of characteristics, backgrounds, and behaviors.

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ethnicity

the shared cultural heritage of a social group, encompassing elements like language, religion, ancestry, nationality, and shared history.

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gender

the socially constructed roles, behaviours, and identities associated with being male or female, distinct from biological sex.

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globalisation

the process of the world becoming increasingly interconnected through the increased flow of people, capital, goods, services, information, and culture across national borders.

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urbanisation

the increase in the proportion of a population that lives in urban areas, such as towns and cities, rather than rural areas.

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TNC

a large company that operates in more than one country, with a headquarters in one country and production or services in foreign countries.

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cultural change

the influence of cultural capital on individual and community behavior.

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identity

the feelings, perceptions, shared beliefs, and ways of life that shape a person's, community's, or place's sense of self and belonging.