Biology (cellular respiration)
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48 Terms
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which cells break down glucose to produce ATP.
What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?
To convert the chemical energy in glucose into ATP.
What is ATP?
The cell’s immediate energy currency.
Name the four stages of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis → Link Reaction → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Where does the Link Reaction occur?
Mitochondrial matrix.
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
Inner mitochondrial membrane.
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No
How many pyruvate molecules are produced from one glucose?
Two
What happens during the Link Reaction?
Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.
What is the main purpose of the Krebs Cycle?
To generate electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂).
Where is most ATP produced?
Electron Transport Chain.
What is the final electron acceptor?
Oxygen
What happens if oxygen is absent?
The Electron Transport Chain stops.
What is produced when oxygen accepts electrons?
Water
What is the function of NADH?
Carries high-energy electrons to the Electron Transport Chain.
What is the function of FADH₂?
Carries high-energy electrons to the Electron Transport Chain.
Which produces more ATP?
Aerobic respiration.
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in humans?
Lactic acid (lactate).
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Which stage occurs outside the mitochondrion?
Glycolysis
Which stage releases carbon dioxide?
Link Reaction and Krebs Cycle.
Which stage produces water?
Electron Transport Chain.
What happens to glucose during cellular respiration?
It is oxidized to release energy for ATP production.
Overall equation of cellular respiration?
Glucose + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP
Number of carbons in pyruvate?
3
How many ATP molecules are invested in Glycolysis
2
How much ATP is produced ik glycolysis
4
Net ATP in Glycolysis
2
NADH produced in glycolysis
2
What is the ratelimiting Enzyme in Glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
What is the starting molecule in the link reaction
Pyruvate
What is the product of the Link reaction
Acetyl-CoA
Starting molecule of Krebs cycle
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA combines with?
Oxaloacetate
Product formed in Krebs cycle?
Citrate
How many NADH,FADH ATP and CO2 per Acetyl-CoA in Krebs cycle?
3,1,1,2(doubled for glucose)
Main purpose of ETC?
Produce ATP using electrons from NADH and FADH₂.
Final electron acceptor in ETC?
Oxygen
What are cytochromes?
Electron transport proteins in the ETC
Which protein synthesizes ATP?
ATP synthase
ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation?
~30
Total ATP per glucose
~30-32
Total NADH
10
Total FADH
2
Total CO2
6