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pain originating from the internal organs
visceral
the volume of a normal breath
tidal volume
pain originating from the musculoskeletal or integumentary system
somatic
rapid heart rate
tachycardia
a drug that binds to and partially stimulates receptors
partial agonists
a state of profound sedation and analgesia induced by the simultaneous administration of an opioid and a tranquilizer
neuroleptanalgesia
inability to coordinate movement
ataxia
dilation of the pupil
mydriasis
a temporary absence of spontaneous breathing
apnea
an interaction between two drugs in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects
synergistic
a rhythmic, involuntary oscillation of both eyes
nystagmus
severe abdominal pain of sudden onset caused by a variety of conditions including obstruction, twisting, or spasm of the intestinal tract
colic
anxiety, uneasiness, and restlessness most often produced by opioids; the opposite of euphoria
dysphoria
involuntary muscle twitching
fasciculations
the breathing passages and tubes that convey fresh oxygen from the source to the alveoli, but in which no gas exchange can occur
dead space
a drug that binds to more than one receptor type, simultaneously stimulating at least one and blocking at least one
agonist antagonist
a drug that’s binds to but doesn’t stimulate receptors
antagonist
constriction of the pupil
miosis
a breathing pattern, most often seen during dissociative anesthesia, in which there is a pause for several seconds at the end of the inspiratory phase, followed by a short, quick expiratory phase
apneustic
a drug that binds to and stimulates the receptor
agonist