APES Chapter 4

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/62

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

63 Terms

1
New cards
weather
Short term atmospheric conditions
2
New cards
climate
Average weather conditions over an extended period
3
New cards
tropopause
Small area of unchanging temperature between the troposphere and the stratosphere
4
New cards
ionosphere
Layer of ions formed when gas atoms are struck by high-energy radiation
5
New cards
ozone
Form of oxygen containing three atoms of oxygen instead of two
6
New cards
Coriolis
Force or effect due to the different speeds of rotation of the earth
7
New cards
albedo
Reflecting power of an object
8
New cards
troposphere
Layer where most weather occurs
9
New cards
stratosphere
Layer immediately above the troposphere
10
New cards
stratosphere
Layer where ozone occurs
11
New cards
troposphere
Layer where temperature inversions occur
12
New cards
exosphere
Layer which extends into outer space
13
New cards
exosphere
Coldest layer
14
New cards
thermosphere
Warmest layer
15
New cards
troposphere and mesosphere
In which two layers do temperatures decrease as height above the earth increases?
16
New cards
stratosphere and thermosphere
In which two layers do temperatures increase as height above the earth increases?
17
New cards
ozone layer
Protection from UV
18
New cards

Nitrogen- 78% and Oxygen- 21%

What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere and what is the percentage of each?

19
New cards
Carbon dioxide, methane, and argon
What makes up the other 1% of gases?
20
New cards
Less dense
As air rises does it become more or less dense?
21
New cards
cooler
As air rises does it become cooler or warmer?
22
New cards
three
How many air cells form in each hemisphere?
23
New cards
equator
Where do the Hadley cells form?
24
New cards
30 degrees latitude
Where do the Hadley cells descend to the earth?
25
New cards
Desert
What climate occurs where they descend?
26
New cards
60-90 latitude
Where do these winds usually form (between what latitudes)? Polar Easterlies
27
New cards
30-60 latitude
Where do these winds usually form (between what latitudes)? Westerlies
28
New cards
0-30 latitude
Where do these winds usually form (between what latitudes)? Trade winds
29
New cards
Spin counterclockwise
What effect does the Coriolis force cause?
30
New cards

An area that drains into a particular river, can be part of more than one

What is meant by a watershed?

31
New cards
Divides
What are the highest points in a watershed?
32
New cards
Tributaries
What are the smallest rivers which join together to form the largest river in the watershed called?
33
New cards
Delta
Eroded soil that forms when the stream flows into a larger body of water is called what?
34
New cards

All the tributaries, headwaters

What is meant by the sources of a river?

35
New cards

The land that is covered when it floods

What is meant by the floodplain of the river?

36
New cards
surface water or runoff
When rain falls in a watershed, what happens to it if it does not sink into the soil?
37
New cards

Water that has been filtered all the way to the aquifer

What is meant by groundwater?

38
New cards
aquifer
What kind of rocks store groundwater (term)?
39
New cards
More runoff less groundwater
What would be the difference in the effect on the environment of: A watershed with little vegetation and a watershed with a maximum of ground cover?
40
New cards
Watershed
An area of land that drains into a particular water body.
41
New cards
Logging
Decreases groundwater and increases runoff and increases erosion.
42
New cards
Building homes
Decreases groundwater.
43
New cards
Adding industries
Causes water pollution and air pollution.
44
New cards
Farming or ranching
Adds nitrates and phosphates to water and streams.
45
New cards
Cities
Causes air pollution and water pollution and decreases groundwater.
46
New cards
Building a dam
Increases the amount of moisture in the air.
47
New cards
Insolation
The amount of sunlight an area receives.
48
New cards
Equator
Receives the highest radiation per unit area.
49
New cards
Poles
Receive the lowest radiation per unit area.
50
New cards
Albedo
The measure of reflectivity of the earth's surface.
51
New cards
Tilt of earth's axis
The main feature of the earth that causes the seasons.
52
New cards
Earth's axial tilt
23.5 degrees.
53
New cards
Perpendicular sun rays
Have more energy than acute angle rays.
54
New cards
Rain shadow
A dry area on the leeward side of a mountain.
55
New cards
Lake effect snow
Snow that occurs when cold air moves over a large body of warmer water.
56
New cards
Ocean currents
Form on the surface due to wind patterns.
57
New cards
El Nino
A climate pattern that occurs every 5 years, accelerating, with effects lasting 1-2 years.
58
New cards
La Nina
The reversal of El Nino.
59
New cards
ENSO
El Nino Southern Oscillation.
60
New cards
Upwelling
Where deep ocean currents come to the surface.
61
New cards
Trade winds
The wind current that reverses direction to begin El Nino.
62
New cards
El Nino neutral
A period when there are no El Nino effects.
63
New cards
Effects of El Nino
Dry summers and wet winters.