________ are more flexible and creative, better at saying no, and have a more favourable self image.
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Feedback loop
________ in endocrine system Monitors and adjusts levels of sex hormones Set point is the optimal level Once set point is reached, hormone production goes down.
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Gender
________ in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female.
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Correlational research research
________ that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists.
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EEG
________: where in brain is making noise fMRI: which parts of the brain lights up Heart rate Galvanic skin response: sweaty palm- can measure anxiety Hormone changes.
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Plato & Aristotle
________ (4- 5th century)- Adolescence is the period of life when capacity for reason emerges- Rational thought over emotion- Think in a more creative way- They believed that we should delay "real "adolescent education b /c before then emotions cloud judgment.
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Reductionism Breaking
________ up a phenomenon into separate part to such an extent that the meaning and coherence of the phenomenon as a whole becomes lost.
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Adolescence
________ have stronger optimistic bias than adults.
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Anorexia
________ nervosa an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves + feelings of pride /control.
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Long Term Memory
________ is assumed to have (nearly) infinite capacity and permanent duration.
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Equilibrium
________ A state of cognitive balance, which occurs when your scheme matches your experience.
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temporary storage
Working memory Provides ________ and manipulation of info being processed.
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Baby boomers
________= raised their children to have extremely high self- esteem.
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Androgyny
________- state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine.
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Hypothalamus
________ gradually increases production of gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
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LGBTQ+
________ and eating disorders- more eating disorders among gay males compared to straight males, but not compared to lesbian females.
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self reflection
Computer analogy Computers have no capacity for ________, no awareness of how their cognitive processes are integrated, organized and monitored- which leaves the analogy insufficient and inadequate.
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logical coherence of evidence
Reflective Judgment the capacity to evaluate the accuracy and ________ and arguments.
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Personal
________ Fable The belief in an imaginary audience that is highly conscious of how you look and act leads to the belief that there must be something special, something unique about you.
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FSH & LH
The surge in ________ leads to increases in estrogen and androgens, which are responsible for most of the observable biological changes we see during puberty.
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contrast people
Cross- cultural research research designed to compare and ________ of different cultures.
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Observational research
________ gathering primary data by observing relevant people, actions, and situations.
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Manhood
________ is something that has to be achieved.
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Bulimia
________ nervosa an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high- calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
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Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
________-"Generation WE- "States that adolescents today are more connected w the world.
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Accommodation Entails
________ modifying or changing the scheme to adapt to new information.
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time period
Adolescence- the ________ between the beginning of puberty and adulthood.
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Role of experience
________ and scaffolding Scaffolding: given just a little at a time in order to advance Bit by bit to get to the next level.
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GnRH
________ signals pituitary gland to release 2 hormones that act directly on the testes for males and the ovaries females: Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Vygotsky
Scaffolding (________)- Refers to the degree of assistance provided to the adolescent in the zone of proximal development- Scaffolding should gradually decrease as adolescents become more competent at a task.
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Disequilibrium
________ When your scheme does not match your experience, you experience distress (________)
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adolescence
the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood
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Post Industrial Revolution
Information was coming out on labour factories
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G. Stanley Hall
(STORM & STRESS) Viewed adolescence as a period of inevitable turmoil that takes place during the transition from childhood to adulthood
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adolescent culture -Transportation
> adolescents were not stuck in one place
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partcipant observation Structured
observer is given a list of things to look for (time intervals & how measures will be taken)
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Unstructured
no codebook, observe everything
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Cross
Sectional Methods Studies conducted by looking at a single phenomenon across multiple populations at a single point in time, with no intention for follow-up in the design
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puberty
Latin term "pubescere" = "to grow hair"
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Hypothalamus gradually increases production of gonadotropin
releasing hormone (GnRH)
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GnRH signals pituitary gland to release 2 hormones that act directly on the testes for males and the ovaries females
During Follicular phase is stable 36.2 degrees At 14 days ovulation
Luteal phase body temp increases to about 37 degrees
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5‐20% of eating disorder population is male; of those, 14
42% are gay or bisexual
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Piagets theory criticism
come abilities emerge earlier than he thought
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Horizontal decalage
uneven performance
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Role of experience and scaffolding Scaffolding
given just a little at a time in order to advance Bit by bit to get to the next level
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it can handle between 7-9 units or stimuli at a time for only about 5-15 seconds at a time before forgotten -If the student does not process that information in some way, it is forgotten within 5
15 seconds
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This is where the Working Memory begins its job
it is the processing, called Rehearsal, that is important here
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Two main types of rehearsal
Maintenance & Elaborative
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Maintenance
rehearsal in which a thought or an idea is repeated over and over in order to keep it in the working memory
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Elaborative
rather than just repeating information over and over, some sort of meaning is attached to a term or piece of information
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long-term memory
Through encoding, info has now arrived at the final stage of information processing model
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Computer analogy Computers have no capacity for self-reflection, no awareness of how their cognitive processes are integrated, organized and monitored
which leaves the analogy insufficient and inadequate
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Strengths of Vygotsky's theory
Importance of social contexts of learning & cognitions
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Limitations of Vygotsky's Theory
No explanation of the processes that govern development
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Selman's theory of perspective taking
Selman's theory of perspective taking is based on a stage approach that children and adolescents go through
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