Understanding Stroke Types and Management Strategies

Ischemic Stroke

Blocked blood flow deprives brain of oxygen.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Ruptured blood vessels leak blood into brain.

MCA

Middle Cerebral Artery; affects upper extremities.

PCA

Posterior Cerebral Artery; affects vision and memory.

ACA

Anterior Cerebral Artery; affects lower extremities.

Contralateral Hemiparesis

Weakness on opposite side of stroke.

Contralateral Hemisensory Loss

Loss of sensation on opposite side.

Urinary Incontinence

Inability to control urination.

Apraxia

Difficulty with motor planning and execution.

Spasticity

Increased muscle tone and resistance to movement.

Synergy

Coordinated movement patterns, often abnormal.

Unilateral Neglect

Lack of awareness of one side of body.

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Loss of half of the visual field.

Broca's Aphasia

Impaired speech production, comprehension intact.

Wernicke's Aphasia

Impaired comprehension, fluent but nonsensical speech.

Global Aphasia

Severe impairment in both speech and comprehension.

Central Post Stroke Thalamic Pain

Chronic pain following thalamic stroke.

Visual Agnosia

Inability to recognize objects despite intact vision.

Prosopagnosia

Inability to recognize faces.

Dyslexia

Difficulty reading without writing issues.

Topographical Disorientation

Inability to navigate familiar environments.

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Supplies blood to the occipital lobe.

Hemiparesis

Weakness on one side of the body.

Hemisensory loss

Loss of sensation on one side.

Visual-perceptual impairments

Difficulty interpreting visual information.

Neglect

Inattention to one side of the visual field.

Aphasias

Language disorders affecting communication.

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Loss of half the visual field in both eyes.

Spasticity

Increased muscle tone leading to stiffness.

Synergy

Coordinated muscle patterns during movement.

Brunnstrom Stages

Stages of motor recovery post-stroke.

Flexion synergy

Pattern of flexion in upper extremities.

Extension synergy

Pattern of extension in upper extremities.

Upper extremity spasticity pattern

Scapula retraction, shoulder adduction, elbow flexion.

Lower extremity spasticity pattern

Hip adduction, knee extension, ankle plantarflexion.

Obligatory synergy patterns

Involuntary movement patterns post-stroke.

Cautious behavior

Slow and careful actions due to risk.

Impulsive behavior

Quick actions without considering consequences.

Intellectual rigidity

Inflexibility in thought processes.

Highly distractible

Easily diverted attention from tasks.

Emotional processing difficulty

Challenges in managing emotional responses.

Positioning strategies for spasticity

Techniques to manage muscle tone.

Case scenario analysis

Evaluating patient conditions for therapy planning.

L MCA infarct

Left middle cerebral artery stroke affecting brain function.

Spasticity

Increased muscle tone causing stiffness and tightness.

Flexion synergy

Pattern of muscle activation during upper extremity movement.

Brunnstrom staging

Classification of motor recovery stages post-stroke.

Stage III

Voluntary movement possible, but with synergy patterns.

Stage IV

Movement combinations begin to emerge, less synergy.

Stage V

Independently controlled movements, minimal synergy influence.

ADLs

Activities of daily living, essential self-care tasks.

Standing tolerance

Ability to maintain standing position without support.

Standing balance

Ability to maintain stability while standing.

Minimal assist

Requires slight help for mobility tasks.

Moderate assist

Needs significant help for mobility tasks.

Non-fluent aphasia

Difficulty in speech production, but comprehension intact.

Shoulder external rotation

Rotating shoulder away from the body.

Shoulder internal rotation

Rotating shoulder towards the body.

Elbow flexion

Bending the elbow joint.

Elbow extension

Straightening the elbow joint.

Forearm supination

Rotating forearm so palm faces up.

Forearm pronation

Rotating forearm so palm faces down.

Thumb adduction

Moving thumb towards the palm.

Thumb abduction

Moving thumb away from the palm.

Standing balance assessment

Evaluating stability while standing.