Untitled Flashcards Set

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

A leader in the American Civil Rights Movement, advocated for nonviolent protest and civil disobedience.

Malcolm X

Advocated for Black separatism and self-defense through violence.

Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture)

A civil rights activist known for coining the term 'Black Power' and involved with SNCC and the Black Panther Party.

Diane Nash

Leader in the Civil Rights Movement who organized the Nashville sit-ins and was a leader in the Freedom Rides and Selma March.

Daisy Bates

Head of the Arkansas NAACP who guided the Little Rock Nine during the integration of public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas.

John Lewis

A leader of SNCC, known for organizing the March on Washington and the Selma to Montgomery March.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

A civil rights organization founded in 1957 advocating for nonviolent protest.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

A youth-led civil rights organization key in sit-ins, freedom rides, and voter registration campaigns.

Brown vs. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas)

1954 Supreme Court decision declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)

A year-long boycott sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat, resulting in desegregated buses.

Little Rock Nine (1957)

Nine African American students who integrated Little Rock Central High School amid violent opposition.

Emmett Till (1955)

A 14-year-old lynched in Mississippi, his murder heightened awareness and urgency in the Civil Rights Movement.

Southern Manifesto (1956)

Document signed by Southern members of Congress opposing the Brown v. Board decision.

Sit-ins (1960s)

Nonviolent protests where African Americans sat at segregated counters demanding service.

Freedom Rides (1961)

Interracial bus trips challenging segregated facilities in the South, often met with violence.

Selma March (1965)

Marches to protest voter suppression and demand voting rights for African Americans.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in public places, schools, and employment.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation aimed at eliminating racial discrimination in voting.

Institutional Racism

Racism embedded in policies and structures, leading to unequal treatment for different racial groups.

Civil Disobedience – The 4 Steps

1. Collection of facts, 2. Negotiation, 3. Self-purification, 4. Direct action.

Federal Government’s Response to Sit-ins and Freedom Rides

Initially failed to intervene; later provided protection and enforced desegregation after media coverage.

Philosophies of Kwame Ture and MLK

MLK advocated for nonviolence and integration, while Ture initially supported Black nationalism and later a militant approach.