Social Studies - Exploration and Early Republic

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Social Studies curriculum related to exploration, colonization, government, and economic development.

Reasons for exploration

Wealth, religion, expand empires, claim territory, new trade routes.

Religious toleration

The acceptance of different religious beliefs, exemplified by Roger Williams founding Rhode Island.

New England colonies

Characterized by rocky soil and cold climate, founded for religious freedom; key industries included fishing, lumber, and shipbuilding.

Middle colonies agriculture

Known for rich farmland, moderate climate, producing oats, wheat, grain, and livestock.

Quakers

First anti-slavery group, lived in Pennsylvania.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

Provided slave labor for plantations, primarily in the Southern colonies.

1st Amendment

Guarantees freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Marbury v. Madison

Established the principle of judicial review.

Mercantilism

Economic policy where Britain controlled colonial trade, leading to colonial discontent.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring the colonies' grievances against King George III and the right to create a new government.

Great Compromise

Resolved how representation would be allocated in Congress between large and small states.

Checks and balances

System that ensures no single branch of government becomes too powerful.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Established federal authority over interstate commerce.

Louisiana Purchase

Land acquisition in 1803 that doubled the size of the U.S.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy that warned European nations against colonizing in the Western Hemisphere.

Jacksonian Democracy

Expansion of voting rights and political participation viewed as empowering common people.

Free enterprise

Economic system with minimal government regulation, driven by supply and demand.

Industrial Revolution

Period of rapid industrial growth characterized by new inventions and factory production.

Cotton gin

Invention that increased cotton production and the demand for slave labor.

Interchangeable parts

Manufacturing process that improved efficiency and contributed to mass production.

Canals

Man-made waterways that facilitated trade and transportation, leading to urban growth.