VTNE prep - mosby's comprehensive

in qualitative and semi-quantitative urine analysis, which type of substance is exogenous?

phenosulfonphthalein

urine samples should be analyzed within _____ for maximum valid information

normally freshly voided urine of many species is clear. exceptions include which of the following species?

all of the above

it is recommended that urine sample size be standardized. an adequate sample or fresh urine is considered to be:

5ml

when assessing a patient’s diet, which urine specimen collection time is likely to be most helpful?

3 to 6 hours postprandial (after a meal)

which of the following is the preferred anticoagulant for conducting a hematology test in a parrot?

EDTA

to maintain proper anticoagulant to blood ratio, sample tubes should be filled to at least what capacity?

90%

blood samples collected immediately postprandial may be:

lipemic

which urine collection method is optimal for bacterial culture?

cystocentesis

pollakiuria is defined as:

frequent urination

a “smudge cell” is a

nucleated cell that has ruptured as a result of damage to cell during smear making

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) is calculated by multiplying:

Hb concentration by 100 and dividing by PCV

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) is calculated by

multiplying PCV by RBC count and multiplying by total RBC count

mean corpuscular hemoglobin is

defined as the mean weight of the Hb compared to the RBC within the cell

which is true of reticulocytes

Wright’s stain causes polychromatophilic staining, or diffuse, purple-red color

basophilic stippling is the presence of small, blue staining granules within

erythrocytes

which of the following is likely the most representative method of analyzing urine solute osmolar concentration?

osmometry

NRBCs are normal in which species?

avian and reptile

an increased WBC count is indicative of

leukocytosis

which of the following describes an elevated platelet count caused by bone marrow dysfunction or pathology?

thrombocythemia

how is toxocara canis identified microscopically in the diagnostic stage?

dark brown, thick-walled egg, with a pitted eggshell

ancylostoma caninum can be contracted by which route?

entry through the skin

the intermediate host of dipylidium caninum is the

flea

Signs that would indicate a dog has a severe infection

of Otodectes cynotis would include:

shaking head, scratching ears

Ixodes scapularis is the vector for:

lyme disease

which of the following is zoonotic?

trichuris vulpis

Which order do the biting lice belong to?

mallophaga

which of the following is best diagnosed using the baermann test?

aelurostrongylus abstrusus

one of the great advantages of centrifugal flotation technique is to

Detect Giardia oocysts and Trichuris ova more efficiently than regular flotation technique

for which parasite is the cellophane tape method useful?

oxyuris equi

which of the following is the parasite that is called “walking dandruff”

cheyletiella spp.

a hexacanth is the detectable, infective stage of a

tapeworm

giardia and leishmania are examples of

flagellates

which of the following tests is best for removing lungworm larvae from small samples of feces?

baermann

which subgroup do tapeworms fall under?

cestodes

when diagnosing dirofilaria immitis on a knott’s test, the microfilaria must be differentiated from which of the following nonpathogenic filarial larvae?

acanthocheilonema

the life stage of the flea found on the skin of the host is the

adult stage

the prepatent period for trichuris vulpis is

5-10 weeks

sucking lice have which characteristic?

narrower head than the thorax

hyostrongylus rubidus is the red stomach worm of

pigs

the preferred fixative for most cytology specimens is

methanol

a refractometer may not provide accurate measurements of total solids for samples characterized as

chylous

the ideal sample collection device for most cytology samples of fistulated lesions is a

rayon swab (cotton swab)

for collection of pleural fluid, patients may be placed in ______ recumbency

ventral

the preferred sample preparation technique when cells are unusually fragile is

modified compression smear

the preferred sample preparation technique when samples are highly viscous is

starfish smear

cytology samples should be placed in fixative for a minimum time of

60 seconds

the stain that is best for staining of mast cell granules is

giemsa

a fragmented neutrophil nucleus is described as

karyorrhexis

a round cell that contains a fringe border and fine nuclear chromatin is most likely a

plasma cell

a sample characterized by the presence of more than 70% mononuclear cells with few neutrophils is described as

granulomatous

the presence of increased numbers of homogeneous populations of the same cell type with no evidence of malignant characteristics within cells is described as

hyperplasia

noninflammatory, nonneoplastic lesions include

hematoma

a common fungal organism seen in ear cytology samples is

malassezia

a common organism seen in oral cytology samples and considered normal flora is

simonsiella

a lymph node sample containing 90% small lymphocytes, a few plasma cells, medium and large lymphocytes, and macrophages is characterized by

normal

the preferred stain for core bone marrow samples is

giemsa

a chylous effusion contains increased numbers of

mature lymphocytes

a sample containing a mixture of parabasal, intermediate, and superficial cells with RBCs and neutrophils likely indicates

proestrus

the nonaspiration biopsy technique is preferred for samples that are

vascular

what happens to frequency as the wavelength of x-ray increases?

it decreases

which best describes ionizing electromagnetic radiation?

it is characterized by the energy contained in a photon

what are properties of xrays?

they travel in straight lines and have wave like properties

in the diagnostic range, most xrays are

bremsstrahlung and braking radiation

what controls the contrast on the radiograph?

kVp

what controls the density/exposure on the radiograph?

mAs

exposure factors for a thorax are 10 mAs and 60 kVp. the film is too light and density needs to be doubled. what technique should be used for the radiograph?

200 mAs, 60 kVp

to minimize magnification and penumbra, a technician should _____ the SID and ______ the SOD

increase source-image distance

increase source-object distance

the heel effect is less noticeable with

smaller film and longer SID