Unit 1 Rome Dates & People

753 BCE

Founding of the Monarchy

509 BCE

Roman Republic founded

beginning of the Struggle of the Orders

264 BCE - 146 BCE

Punic Wars

27 BCE

Augustus becomes sole ruler of Rome

235-284 CE

3rd Century Crisis

312 CE

Edict of Milan

384 CE

Altar of Victory Debate

390 CE

Theodosius is confronted by Ambrose over his massacre of the Thessalonians

476 CE

fall of Western Rome

520-560 CE

reign of Justinian I of Byzantium

1453 CE

Byzantium conquered

Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus

Plebeian tribunes

133-120 BCE

known as champions of the people who advocated for laws providing the poor with grain and other reforms

both died as a result of this

Marius

Consul 7 times from 107-86 BCE

populist leader who recruited landless citizens of the republic to the army and offered them pay

led them to be loyal to him instead of the senate

Sulla

Roman general

named dictator 82-79 BCE

leader of the optimates

Julius Caesar

Roman dictator

49-44 BCE

General at the apex of the 1st triumvirate with Pompey & Crassus

Lead armies in war against Pompey, gained dictatorship over Rome until assasinated in 44 BCE

Caesar Augustus

First emperor

27 BCE - 14 CE

defeated Anthony & Cleopatra in war

reconstructed and founded Roman Empire

political propaganda and theater (cult of Augustus et Roma)

Diocletian

Emperor

284-305 CE

used court ritual

created tetrarchy to manage empire (political theater)

persecuted Christians

Constantine

Emperor

306-337 CE

1st christian emperor

founded Constantinople and issued council of Nicea

issued Edict of Milan in 312 CE

Valentinian I

Emperor 364-375 CE

Christian, but practiced religious toleration

kept the peace

Gratian

Emperor

375-383 CE

advisor to Ambrose of Milan

initiated actions against pagans, dissolving presthoods, vestal virgins, old shrines

removed Altar of Victory

Valentinian II

Emperor, co-ruled with Theodosius

375-392 CE

Half brother of Gratian

involved with Altar of Victory debate

Ambrose

Bishop of Milan

374-397 CE

heavily influenced Christianity

large part in AoV debate

Symmachus

Prefect of Rome

384-385 CE

drafted memorial to restore the AoV, brin gback Valentinian I’s religious toleration

Theodosius

Emperor

379-395 CE

placed bishop & “holy man” at center of Rome

initiated massacre of Pagans at Thessalonica

“______ the Great”

Justinian

Emperor of eastern Rome

527-565 CE

reconquered Italy & Northern Africa

created “Justinian’s Code of Law”