D - Fields HL

Tangential velocity

Component of motion perpendicular to the radius of a circle

Angular velocity

Rotational speed as a number of radians per second

Gravitational Field Strength

Force per unit mass on a small test mass at a position

Orbit

Motion where the centripetal force is provided the attractive force between bodies

Free fall

Motion with no reaction force when things are falling together due to gravity

Geosynchronous orbit

Pattern of motion an object is always above a fixed point on a body

Kepler's third law

Orbital radius cubed over period squared is the same for all objects orbiting the same body

Orbital period

Time to complete one revolution

Centripetal

Towards the center of a circle

Newton's law of gravitation

The force between two masses is proportional to the product of the masses and the inverse square of the separation of the centers

G

Universal gravitational constant

Gravitational Field

space where a small test mass experiences force due to another mass

Electric Field

space where a small positive test charge experiences a force per unit charge

Potential Difference

work done by moving a positive test charge from one point to another in an electric field

Electrical Potential

The amount of work done per unit charge as a small positive test charge q is moved from infinity to a certain point.

Gravtiational Potential Energy

Energy an object has due to it's position in a gravitational field compared to zero at infinity. (changes approximate to mgh for small motion in uniform field)

Gravitational Potential

The work done per unit mass in bringing a small point mass m from infinity to a certain point, V=-GM/r

Potential Gradient

(change in gravitational potential between two points) over (distance between those two points) - eqaul to field strength

Escape Velocity

minimum velocity required for an object launched from the surface of a planet to escape the gravitiational field

Orbital motion

Motion around an object influenced by fields where no net work is done. Usually (approximately) circular and caused by gravity

Weightlessness

Where there is no reaction force between an object and it's environment. The person would appear to be weightless for the duration of the fall

Field lines

Pattern of lines to indicate the direction and size of a field in a volume

Equipotential surfaces

points with the same gravitational potential can be joined to form equipotential surfaces.

Magnetic Field

Area where a current-lenght element experiences a force

Motor Effect/Lorenz force

A force between a current-carrying wire and the magnetic field that is placed in.

Charge

Intrinsic property that gives rise to electric force

Electric field

Area where an electric charge would experience a force

Coulomb's law

The force between charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the separation

electronvolt

Amount of energy given to an electron as is crosses a potential difference of 1V - equal to 1.6E-19 J

Current convention

The current vector goes from + to -

Magnetic field

Area where a moving charge will experience a force

Magentic force

Force produced by a current moving perpendicular to a magneic field

Equation for force on a moving charge

Bqv

Equation for force on a current carrying wire

BIl