AP History Ch. 14

were less successful than the Democrats in bridging differences between Northern and Southern views

The Whigs lost the election of 1852 because they

excellent destinations for poor people seeking to improve their conditions

Abraham Lincoln understood that humanitarian concerns for black people would not motivate Northerners to fight to keep slavery out of the territories, so he promoted the "free labor" concept by asserting that the territories were

opposition to the extension of slavery in the United States

In the mid-1850s, Abraham Lincoln's search for a political home was based on his

further inflamed sectional passions over the institution of slavery and its future in the Republic

Preston Brook's caning of Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner in 1856

because it was a compelling novel and a vehicle for a stirring moral indictment of slavery

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) influenced Northerners' attitudes toward slavery

was neither a true compromise nor a final settlement of all the issues it addressed

The Compromise of 1850

Dred Scott was free, he was a citizen of the United States, and the Missouri Compromise was constitutional

In his dissenting opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case, Justice Benjamin R. Curtis argued that

the environment of the U.S. Congress early in 1860 as congressmen struggled to elect a Speaker of the House

"The only persons who do not have a revolver and a knife are those who have two revolvers" is a quote describing

giving credence to the belief in the North that a Slave Power conspiracy existed and was laboring to subvert northern liberties

The Dred Scott decision increased sectional tension by

military hero and remain silent on the issue of slavery

To reunite their party, the Whig strategy in the presidential campaign of 1848 was to nominate a

the balance of power between the North and the South in Congress

In the debate of 1849-1850 that led to the Compromise of 1850, the major issue was

nation witnessed the demise of the Whig Party and the eventual rise of a system in which the Democrats dominated the South and the Republican Party was limited to the North

As a result of the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, the

splitting the party into southern and northern factions over the issues of popular sovereignty and a federal code protecting slavery in the territories

In 1860, Democrats meeting to choose a presidential candidate in South Carolina, wound up

Alexander Stephens wrote, "Revolutions are much easier started than controlled. I consider slavery much more secure in the Union than out of it."

Seeking to reduce the fear of many Southerners that the newly elected Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party meant to tamper with slavery

stipulated that all citizens were expected to assist officials in apprehending runaway slaves

The Fugitive Slave Act, part of the Compromise of 1850

support the dream of a southern route for the transcontinental railroad

In 1853, the United States negotiated the Gadsden Purchase in order to

was morally wrong

While Abraham Lincoln espoused a typical radical attitude for a white man of his day, he personally believe that slavery

expanded their platform to address other issues

In 1860, the increasingly confident Republican Party

left an increasing number of southern whites to conclude that many Northerners wanted to end slavery with violence

Ultimately, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia,

enacted tough proslavery laws and prompted the organization of a rival government

When the first territorial legislature in Kansas met, it

reassuring and conciliatory toward the South on the issue of slavery but firm and inflexible concerning the perpetuity of the Union

In his first inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln was

opposition to the extension of slavery into any territory of the United States

The common thread that wove together northern men into the Republican Party in 1854 was their

he needed southern support to pass his legislation, the price of which was opening up the Nebraska territory to the possibility of slavery

In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act and included a section repealing the Missouri Compromise because

remain in Washington and do nothing

As the secession crisis loomed over the final weeks of the presidential administration of James Buchanan, his response was to

broke with the Buchanan administration and the southern members of his party by coming out against the proslavery constitution

When proslavery forces in Lecompton, Kansas, drafted a proslavery constitution in 1857 that many felt was fraudulent, Stephen A. Douglas

he was a moderate on the volatile issue of slavery, demonstrated solid Republican credentials, and represented the crucial state of Illinois

Abraham Lincoln became the Republican candidate for president in the election of 1860 because

from out of state invaded Kansas, to control the election through fraud and intimidation

Early in the struggle to win Kansas, to control the election through fraud and intimidation

pushed farther west

The Plains Indians who lived in what became Nebraska were

became a wedge that divided the nation based on the issue of slavery in the territories

The Mexican-American War

fact that Kansas had been thrown open for settlement under the concept of popular sovereignty

When, in 1854, William Seward said, "Come on then, Gentlemen of the Slave States…We will engage in competition for the virgin soil of Kansas," his challenge was based on the

they simply did not have as great a stake in slavery as the states in the Lower South

The slave states of the Upper South were not as quick to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election because

South Carolina

After Lincoln's election, the vote to secede from the Union came first from

people who settled the territories to decide whether or not they wanted slavery

As the battle over the expansion of slavery intensified in the 1840s, Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan proposed the doctrine of "popular sovereignty," a measure that would allow

concluded that his ideals couldn't excuse violence

When reflecting on John Brown's raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, most Northerners

Northerners desiring either the abolition of slavery altogether or those Northerners who wanted to reserve new lands for white settlers

Support for the Wilmot Proviso of 1846 came from

refused to allow Lincoln's name to appear on the ballot in ten of the fifteen slave states

Southerners felt so much hostility toward the Republican Party during the presidential election of 1860 that they

strong support in the free states despite winning only 39 percent of the national popular vote

In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president because he had

stated that there was "a higher law than the Constitution"-the law of God

In the high-stakes debates surrounding the Compromise of 1850, Senator William H. Seward of New York stunned Congress and disagreed with Daniel Webster and Henry Clay when he

championing a free-soil solution to slavery by urging Congress to admit California and New Mexico to the Union as free states

When Zachary Taylor became president in 1849, he enraged Southerners by

even though settlers could not, at that time, pass legislation barring slavery in the territories, they could ban slavery just as effectively by not passing the police laws necessary to protect slave property

In what became known as the Freeport Doctrine, Stephen A. Douglas argued taht

slavery be prohibited throughout the entire area ceded by Mexico

The Wilmot Proviso of 1846 proposed that

Republican ideology in believing that Congress must stop the spread of slavery and put it on the course to extinction

In the mid-1850s, Abraham Lincoln typified

guerrilla war engulfing the territory

John Brown's leadership of a massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas, led to

a reaction to large numbers of Roman Catholics coming to the United States from Germany and Ireland

The American Party, or Know-Nothings, appeared in the mid-1850s as

demonstrated the determination of some abolitionists

John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry

strength of the new Republican party

The presidential election of 1856 revealed the

Dred Scott could not legally claim violation of his constitutional rights because he was not a citizen of the United States

In the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that

Stephen A. Douglas won a senate seat, but Abraham Lincoln became nationally known

As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates

an abolitionist and color-blind egalitarian who loved blacks

Targeting the central issues of his debates-slavery and freedom-Stephen A. Douglas tried to depict Abraham Lincoln as

organized the Constitutional Union Party, a political party that had no platform

In the national crisis surrounding the presidential election of 1860, southern moderated refused to support the more radical members of the Democratic Party clamoring for a federal slave code. Instead, they